balance sheet recession - 2026 ACF Regionals

Question

This term describes a situation where high levels of private debt cause individuals and businesses to collectively focus on saving over spending, negatively affecting economic growth. For 10 points each:

[10h] Give this term for a type of recession attributed to Richard Koo, which described a 22-percent GDP decline in Japan caused by limited corporate investment.

ANSWER: balance sheet recession

[10m] This American economist’s concept of debt deflation inspired the framework for the balance sheet recession. This economist’s equation is defined as nominal interest rate, minus inflation, equals real interest rate.

ANSWER: Irving Fisher

[10e] Koo argued that in the context of Japan’s balance sheet recession, firms adopted debt maximization after trying to maximize this quantity. This quantity equals total revenue minus total cost.

ANSWER: profit

Back to bonuses

Summary


California (North)	Main Site	Y	3	16.67	100%	67%	0%
California (South)	Main Site	Y	4	15.00	100%	50%	0%
Canada	Main Site	Y	12	13.33	92%	33%	8%
Florida	Main Site	Y	3	6.67	67%	0%	0%
Great Lakes	Main Site	Y	5	14.00	100%	40%	0%
Lower Mid-Atlantic	Main Site	Y	9	15.56	100%	44%	11%
Midwest	Main Site	Y	8	16.25	100%	63%	0%
Northeast	Main Site	Y	5	16.00	100%	60%	0%
Overflow	Main Site	Y	3	10.00	100%	0%	0%
South Central	Main Site	Y	2	20.00	100%	100%	0%
Southeast	Main Site	Y	8	13.75	100%	38%	0%
UK	Main Site	Y	6	13.33	83%	50%	0%
Upper Mid-Atlantic	Main Site	Y	9	13.33	100%	33%	0%
Upstate NY	Main Site	Y	4	12.50	100%	25%	0%

Data


Berkeley A	Berkeley B	0	10	10	20
Berkeley C	Berkeley D	0	10	10	20
Stanford B	Stanford A	0	0	10	10
UCLA B	Arizona State	0	10	10	20
UCSD C	UC Santa Barbara	0	0	10	10
UCLA A	UC Irvine	0	10	10	20
UCSD A	UCSD B	0	0	10	10
Brock	McGill B	0	10	0	10
Toronto E	Guelph	0	0	10	10
Waterloo B	McGill A	10	10	10	30
McMaster A	Queen's	0	0	10	10
Toronto B	Ottawa	0	10	10	20
Florida C	Central Florida B	0	0	10	10
Florida A	Central Florida A	0	0	10	10
Central Florida C	Florida B	0	0	0	0
Ohio State B	Michigan A	0	0	10	10
Michigan B	Michigan State	0	10	10	20
CWRU A	Michigan C	0	0	10	10
Ohio State A	Ohio State C	0	0	10	10
Pittsburgh	CWRU B	0	10	10	20
Simon Fraser	Toronto C	0	10	10	20
Toronto D	Toronto Metropolitan	0	0	10	10
Toronto F	McMaster B	0	0	10	10
Waterloo A	UBC A	0	0	10	10
Carleton University	UBC B	0	0	10	10
Western B	Western A	0	0	10	10
Toronto G	Western C	0	0	10	10
South Carolina B	James Madison B	0	0	10	10
Virginia Tech B	South Carolina A	0	0	10	10
Virginia	James Madison A	10	10	10	30
NC State B	Wake Forest	0	0	10	10
William and Mary	VCU	0	10	10	20
Illinois A	Chicago B	0	10	10	20
Chicago A	Chicago E	0	10	10	20
Indiana C	Illinois C	0	0	10	10
Northwestern B	Indiana B	0	10	10	20
Northwestern C	Notre Dame A	0	10	10	20
Chicago D	Northwestern D	0	0	10	10
Purdue A	Notre Dame B	0	0	10	10
Purdue B	Chicago C	0	10	10	20
Brandeis A	Dartmouth A	0	10	10	20
Brandeis B	Harvard B	0	0	10	10
Dartmouth B	Brown	0	0	10	10
Harvard A	Southern Connecticut State	0	10	10	20
MIT	Yale	0	10	10	20
Carleton College	Missouri B	0	0	10	10
Georgia Tech A	Minnesota A	0	0	10	10
Claremont	Washington B	0	0	10	10
Texas A&M A	Murray State A	0	10	10	20
Texas A	Texas B	0	10	10	20
WashU A	Bruin	0	10	10	20
Georgia Tech B	Georgia Tech C	0	10	10	20
Alabama A	Louisville B	0	10	10	20
Mississipi State	Alabama B	0	0	10	10
Tennessee A	Georgia Tech D	0	0	10	10
Tennessee B	Sewanee	0	0	10	10
Louisville A	Vanderbilt B	0	0	10	10
WashU B	Kentucky	0	0	10	10
Liberty A	North Carolina B	0	10	10	20
Liberty B	NC State A	0	10	10	20
North Carolina A	Duke	0	0	10	10
Virginia Tech A	North Carolina C	0	0	10	10
City St. George's	Cambridge B	0	0	10	10
Bristol	Edinburgh B	0	10	0	10
Oxford A	Imperial C	0	0	10	10
Oxford B	Durham	0	0	10	10
UCL	Imperial A	0	10	10	20
Columbia A	Johns Hopkins A	0	10	10	20
Maryland A	NYU A	0	0	10	10
Columbia B	NYU B	0	0	10	10
Maryland C	Rutgers A	0	0	10	10
Vassar	NYU C	0	0	10	10
Maryland B	Catholic	0	0	10	10
Columbia C	Rutgers B	0	0	10	10
Swarthmore	Georgetown	0	10	10	20
John Jay	Johns Hopkins B	0	10	10	20
Binghamton B	Binghamton A	0	0	10	10
Cornell B	Cornell A	0	0	10	10
Rochester	Cornell C	0	0	10	10
Penn State	RIT	0	10	10	20
LSE	Cambridge C	0	10	10	20