One model of this material that features a “critical state line” is called its “Modified Cam” model. An equation developed by Karl von Terzaghi computes this material’s “bearing capacity.” This material’s swelling potential increases with its plasticity index, which can be calculated from its Atterberg limits. Increases in pressure cause this prototypical three-phase material to contract during “consolidation.” Compaction of this material can cause a structure’s foundation to move during “settlement.” Applied stresses can cause excess pore water pressure to build in this material, causing its “liquefaction” during earthquakes. Based on its particle size distribution, this material can be classified into subtypes such as sand and clay. For 10 points, what organic material do plant roots typically anchor themselves in? ■END■
| 2024 ARCADIA at UC Berkeley | 04/19/2025 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 83.75 |
| 2025 ACF Nationals | 2025-08-09 | Y | 14 | 100% | 0% | 57% | 102.07 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 13 | 100% | 0% | 38% | 90.31 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 97.33 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 86% | 114.29 |
| Midwest | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 99.00 |
| North | Main | Y | 11 | 100% | 0% | 45% | 97.82 |
| California | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 20% | 80.00 |
| Overflow | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 80.75 |
| Pacific Northwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 90.33 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 20% | 96.80 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 92.67 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 38% | 97.75 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 40% | 90.40 |
| Canada | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 85.17 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Luke Sloan | McGill C | Carleton | 28 | 10 |
| Joseph Collins | Imperial B | Cambridge C | 28 | 10 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Indiana A | 36 | 10 |
| Jack Casey | Illinois B | Michigan C | 37 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Berkeley A | 56 | 10 |
| Jason Thieu | MSU A | CWRU C | 56 | -5 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Queen's B | 57 | -5 |
| Ishan Joshi | Toronto Metropolitan | Toronto J | 57 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | Missouri A | 57 | 10 |
| Gregory Stone | ESF | Rochester | 57 | 10 |
| Nico Pascual | MSU B | CWRU D | 58 | -5 |
| Christopher Dech | Brandeis Wilson | MIT B | 60 | -5 |
| Raymond Chen | Toronto B | Toronto C | 61 | 10 |
| Sayan Chandaroy | UMBC A | George Washington A | 61 | -5 |
| Abby Smith | Berkeley B | UCSC | 66 | 10 |
| Anne Fjeld | Alberta B | Ohio | 66 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | McMaster A | 68 | 10 |
| Ben Lanahan | Clemson A | Liberty A | 68 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford C | 70 | -5 |
| Andrew Nucci | UCLA B | UCLA D | 70 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto I | 70 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Toronto D | 70 | -5 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | McGill B | 70 | 10 |
| Aryan Pathak | UF C | UF A | 70 | 10 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Maryland A | 70 | 10 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | Maryland D | 70 | -5 |
| Gannon Smith | Maryland C | Johns Hopkins A | 70 | 10 |
| James Meek | George Mason A | NYU B | 70 | -5 |
| Chase Barrick | Lehigh A | Columbia C | 70 | 10 |
| Zachary Joseph | Columbia A | Vassar A | 70 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | Truman State | 70 | 10 |
| Mats Miller | Chicago B | Chicago A | 70 | -5 |
| Ben Simmons | Macalester A | Carleton | 70 | -5 |
| Matthew Forster | Dartmouth | Harvard | 70 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Amherst A | 70 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | Yale A | 70 | -5 |
| Sharath Narayan | Northwestern A | McGill D | 70 | -5 |
| Bryce Cruise | Texas A | Rose State | 70 | -5 |
| Hiru Senehedheera | Manchester A | Sheffield C | 70 | -5 |
| CT Tang | Sheffield B | Cambridge B | 70 | -5 |
| Hiten Umarnani | Imperial C | Southampton A | 70 | -5 |
| Pranaav Senthilkumar | Cornell-DII | Binghamton A | 70 | 10 |
| Tanay Bodducherla | Berkeley E | Stanford A | 71 | 10 |
| Karthik Jayaram | UCLA A | UCLA C | 71 | 10 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | Claremont Pitzer | 71 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | North Carolina A | 71 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Roanoke | 71 | -5 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Georgetown B | 71 | -5 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | VCU A | 71 | 10 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern B | 71 | 10 |
| Theodore Lam | Toronto G | Toronto F | 72 | 10 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Penn B | 72 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Swarthmore A | 72 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Notre Dame C | 72 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Arizona State A | 72 | 10 |
| Mitchell Hacket | UCO | Arizona State B | 72 | 10 |
| Winston Zuo | UCSB | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 73 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Illinois C | 74 | -5 |
| Zachary Foster | City St George's A | Birmingham A | 75 | -5 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | RIT A | 76 | -5 |
| Yanis Vencatachellum | ERAU B | UF D | 77 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Tennessee B | 77 | 10 |
| Tyler Thurman | SIUE | WashU B | 77 | 10 |
| Ariel Faeder | Pitt A | CWRU B | 78 | -5 |
| Thomas Glotfelty | Virginia Tech A | James Madison | 78 | -5 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | UCF A | 80 | 10 |
| Gannon Rice | Clemson B | Virginia Tech B | 80 | -5 |
| Alec Riso | Cornell-UG | MIT A | 80 | -5 |
| Henry Jameson | LSE A | Lancaster A | 80 | -5 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | USC | 83 | -5 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | OSU C | 83 | -5 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | BC B | 83 | 10 |
| Tevin Francis | Southampton B | Warwick A | 83 | -5 |
| Andrew Fisher | Sheffield A | Oxford B | 83 | 10 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | LSE B | 84 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UF B | 85 | 10 |
| Malachi Ledford | Tusculum | NC State | 85 | -5 |
| Andrew McKenzie | OSU D | Kenyon B | 86 | 10 |
| Samuel Lipsutz | Chicago C | Notre Dame A | 86 | 10 |
| Nikhil Nair | BU | Bowdoin B | 86 | 10 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | BC A | 86 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | UIC | 87 | 10 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Minnesota C | 87 | 10 |
| Cole Hammans | Nebraska | Minnesota B | 87 | 10 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford B | 88 | 10 |
| Cole Hennessy | UCF B | Melbourne A | 88 | -5 |
| Vincent Chen | Pitt B | OSU A | 88 | -5 |
| Thomas Watkins | South Carolina A | South Carolina B | 88 | -5 |
| Jarman Taylor | Johns Hopkins C | George Washington B | 88 | -5 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | George Mason B | 88 | 10 |
| Alexandra Duan | Columbia B | Lehigh B | 88 | -5 |
| Austin Guo | Princeton A | Rutgers C | 88 | -5 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Louisville B | 88 | 10 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Michigan D | 88 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Cornell-UG | 88 | 10 |
| Isaac Meredith | Tufts B | Yale B | 88 | 10 |
| Ella Keavy | Bristol B | Edinburgh A | 88 | 10 |
| Siddhant Kumar | Edinburgh B | Bristol A | 88 | 10 |
| Danny Cutbill | RIT A | RIT B | 88 | 10 |
| Yash Tiwari | Minnesota A | Wisconsin | 89 | 10 |
| Ethan White | Kenyon A | Pitt C | 92 | -5 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Notre Dame B | 92 | 10 |
| Hamish Campbell | Durham A | Cambridge D | 92 | -5 |
| Dennis Yang | Michigan B | Purdue A | 94 | -5 |
| Joel Crossley | Manchester B | Warwick B | 94 | -5 |
| Shalin Zerbe | Binghamton B | Syracuse | 94 | -5 |
| Nolan Travers | Tulsa | Northwestern C | 96 | 10 |
| Neal Frankenberg | Brown A | Amherst B | 97 | 10 |
| Michael Xu | McMaster C | Toronto K | 99 | -5 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | McGill A | 101 | 10 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tusculum | 101 | 10 |
| Alden Baker | St. Thomas | Macalester B | 101 | 10 |
| Lucas Guan | Brown B | Brandeis Orlando | 101 | 10 |
| Spencer Thomas | Yale A | Tufts A | 103 | 10 |
| Sean Yang | Waterloo | McMaster B | 104 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | 106 | 10 |
| Raisa Tabassum | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 106 | -5 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | George Mason C | 106 | 10 |
| Elliot Cosnett | Oxford A | Durham B | 106 | 10 |
| Sophie Lyman | WashU D | WashU C | 107 | -5 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | FIU | 109 | 10 |
| Alex Wyrick | Tennessee A | Liberty B | 109 | 10 |
| Anurag Shah | Indiana B | Notre Dame D | 109 | 10 |
| Dixie Lumsden | Roanoke | North Carolina C | 110 | 10 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | Northwestern A | 111 | 10 |
| Joel Dicker | Southampton A | Imperial C | 112 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | CWRU A | 115 | 10 |
| Nick Fowler | Virginia B | Liberty C | 115 | 10 |
| Evan Gniadek | Purdue A | Michigan B | 117 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley F | 119 | 10 |
| Kyle Chua | CWRU D | MSU B | 119 | 10 |
| Kelvin Ni | NYU B | George Mason A | 119 | 10 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | WashU D | 119 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 120 | 10 |
| Nicholas Kwan | Western Ontario | Guelph B | 120 | 10 |
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | Guelph A | 120 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | McMaster C | 120 | 10 |
| Sarah Khan | Queen's B | Toronto E | 120 | 10 |
| Nathaniel Godfrey | Toronto J | Toronto Metropolitan | 120 | 10 |
| Niru Shakya | Melbourne A | UCF B | 120 | 10 |
| Noah Trochessett | UF D | ERAU B | 120 | 10 |
| Ella Mankowski | Pitt C | Kenyon A | 120 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | Pitt B | 120 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | Pitt A | 120 | 10 |
| August Szpak | CWRU C | MSU A | 120 | 10 |
| Ilyas Choukri | Virginia Tech B | Clemson B | 120 | 10 |
| Benny Shtutman | South Carolina B | South Carolina A | 120 | 10 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | Catholic University | 120 | 10 |
| Tyler Turnpaugh | Georgetown B | Notre Dame E | 120 | 10 |
| Eva Lettiere | George Washington A | UMBC A | 120 | 10 |
| Ryan Gameng | George Washington B | Johns Hopkins C | 120 | 10 |
| Jack Stuhlman | Lehigh B | Columbia B | 120 | 10 |
| Daniel Abrams | Rutgers C | Princeton A | 120 | 10 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Chicago B | 120 | 10 |
| Kevin Yang | Illinois C | Illinois A | 120 | 10 |
| Peter Ballas | Michigan D | Purdue C | 120 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Macalester A | 120 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Brandeis Wilson | 120 | 10 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | Williams | 120 | 10 |
| Ayden Gates | Rose State | Texas A | 120 | 10 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Alberta B | 120 | 10 |
| Grace Early | Iowa | UTD B | 120 | 10 |
| Yasmin Campbell | Cambridge D | Durham A | 120 | 10 |
| Alex Irvine | Sheffield C | Manchester A | 120 | 10 |
| William Gillard | Warwick B | Manchester B | 120 | 10 |
| Zhangir Satzhanov | Birmingham A | City St George's A | 120 | 10 |
| Arvin Boraghi | Cambridge B | Sheffield B | 120 | 10 |
| Eoin Neale | Lancaster A | LSE A | 120 | 10 |
| Ella Warde | Warwick A | Southampton B | 120 | 10 |
| Carlos Gonzalez | Syracuse | Binghamton B | 120 | 10 |