This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| 2024 ARCADIA at UC Berkeley | 04/19/2025 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| 2025 ACF Nationals | 2025-08-09 | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Midwest | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| North | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Overflow | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Pacific Northwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| UK | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| Overflow | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Canada | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |