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Annealing of this material is accomplished in lehrs. An industrial method to produce a type of this material lays liquid raw materials over tin to form a float. Diffusion of interfering ions described by the Nikolsky–Eisenman equation across this material is seen in electrodes, which can be used to measure pH. Sintering particles of this material into hollow disks creates fritted examples of these materials that are used as filters. Addition of boron trioxide lowers the coefficient of thermal expansion of these materials. Silica, soda ash, and limestone produce the molten form of this material, which is then solidified by blowing. For 10 points, what amorphous material is often used to make lab materials and window panes? ■END■
| 2024 ARCADIA at UC Berkeley | 04/19/2025 | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 85.75 |
| 2025 ACF Nationals | 2025-08-09 | Y | 11 | 100% | 0% | 27% | 69.45 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 84.83 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 78.43 |
| Midwest | Main | Y | 10 | 100% | 0% | 20% | 86.40 |
| North | Main | Y | 10 | 100% | 0% | 10% | 79.50 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 79.20 |
| Pacific Northwest | Main | Y | 9 | 100% | 0% | 44% | 102.44 |
| California | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 67.80 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 78.80 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 12 | 92% | 0% | 17% | 77.82 |
| UK | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 101.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 67.88 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 13% | 80.50 |
| Pacific Northwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 82.00 |
| Canada | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 79.00 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Collins | Imperial B | Edinburgh A | 7 | 10 |
| Elliot Cosnett | Oxford A | Imperial C | 24 | 10 |
| Leonard Castine | Penn B | Maryland D | 27 | 10 |
| Jason Lee | Rutgers B | Columbia B | 27 | 10 |
| Ian Saylor | Wisconsin | Minnesota B | 27 | 10 |
| Nikhil Nair | BU | Brandeis Orlando | 27 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Vanderbilt B | 27 | 10 |
| CT Tang | Sheffield B | Birmingham A | 27 | 10 |
| Sayan Chandaroy | UMBC A | VCU A | 28 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | USF | 30 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Arizona State A | 30 | 10 |
| Andrew Harms | MSU A | CWRU A | 31 | 10 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina B | 35 | 10 |
| Abby Smith | Berkeley B | Stanford A | 39 | 10 |
| Anirudh Terdal | LSE B | Bristol A | 39 | -5 |
| Faraz Foroughi | NC State | Virginia A | 43 | 10 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Berkeley A | 50 | 10 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCI | 50 | 10 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Brown B | 50 | 10 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | Yale B | 50 | 10 |
| Ethan Buermann | Huntsville B | Bruin A | 50 | -5 |
| March Delfin | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | Claremont Scripps | 51 | 10 |
| Tiffany Zhou | OSU C | OSU A | 51 | 10 |
| James Ferrabee | McGill D | Texas A | 51 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | OSU D | 55 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Auburn A | 55 | 10 |
| Sharath Narayan | Northwestern A | Arizona State B | 57 | 10 |
| Alec Riso | Cornell-UG | Bowdoin B | 61 | -5 |
| Nova Sink | Virginia Tech B | Liberty B | 64 | -5 |
| Yixi Yang | Yale A | Brandeis Clemenceau | 72 | -5 |
| Quinn Vaughen | RIT B | Binghamton B | 72 | 10 |
| Tanay Bodducherla | Berkeley E | Stanford C | 73 | 10 |
| Maggie Sun | MIT B | Dartmouth | 73 | 10 |
| Elokkin Pate-Geames | Tennessee B | Liberty A | 74 | 10 |
| David Bass | Johns Hopkins A | Notre Dame E | 74 | 10 |
| Alex Thomas | Georgia Tech C | Alabama B | 74 | 10 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Alabama A | 74 | 10 |
| Aatreyo Bhattacharyya | Berkeley C | Berkeley F | 76 | 10 |
| Andrew Nucci | UCLA B | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 76 | 10 |
| Emily Kadolph | Virginia Tech A | Clemson A | 76 | 10 |
| Kelvin Ni | NYU B | George Washington B | 76 | 10 |
| Ben Hellman | Swarthmore A | Columbia C | 76 | 10 |
| Nolan Travers | Tulsa | Ohio | 76 | 10 |
| Mitchell Hacket | UCO | UTD B | 76 | 10 |
| James Byrne | Bristol A | LSE B | 76 | 10 |
| Joseph Strom | Louisville B | Michigan B | 77 | -5 |
| Eoin Neale | Lancaster A | Bristol B | 77 | -5 |
| Hiru Senehedheera | Manchester A | Southampton A | 78 | 10 |
| Dennis Reppen | Imperial A | Cambridge B | 79 | 10 |
| Oliver West | Cambridge C | LSE A | 79 | 10 |
| Zoe Wang | Carleton | Minnesota C | 81 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF E | 82 | 10 |
| Andrew Massaro | Catholic University | NYU A | 82 | -5 |
| Peter Ballas | Michigan D | Chicago A | 82 | 10 |
| Yashwanth Bajji | Michigan A | Chicago D | 82 | -5 |
| Sasha Tripathi | Chicago C | Notre Dame C | 82 | 10 |
| Megan Wang | Brown A | BC A | 82 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | British Columbia D | 82 | 10 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Alberta B | 82 | 10 |
| Rachel Bentham | Manchester B | Cambridge A | 82 | 10 |
| Derek Li | Cornell-DII | ESF | 82 | 10 |
| Parker McCoig | Tennessee A | Clemson B | 83 | -5 |
| Ethan Ma | Illinois B | Purdue A | 83 | 10 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Penn A | 84 | 10 |
| Brielle Rach | Iowa | Rose State | 84 | 10 |
| Alex Olson | UF D | FSU | 85 | -5 |
| Ben Simmons | Macalester A | Minnesota A | 85 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Bowdoin A | 85 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Brandeis Wilson | 85 | 10 |
| Jacob Finley | Notre Dame A | Purdue B | 86 | -5 |
| Zachary Joseph | Columbia A | Princeton A | 87 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | BC B | 87 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Northwestern C | 87 | 10 |
| Richard Lin | Washington B | British Columbia A | 88 | -5 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | George Mason C | 89 | 10 |
| Danny Cutbill | RIT A | Rochester | 90 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | Claremont Pitzer | 94 | 10 |
| Sierra Cerna | ERAU B | UF B | 94 | 10 |
| Gannon Smith | Maryland C | Georgetown B | 94 | 10 |
| Jack Didsbury | Durham B | Sheffield C | 94 | 10 |
| Siddhant Kumar | Edinburgh B | Warwick B | 94 | -5 |
| Blake Enwiller | Vanderbilt A | Huntsville A | 96 | 10 |
| Liam Buck | St. Thomas | Nebraska | 98 | 10 |
| Daniel Griffaton | Syracuse | Binghamton A | 99 | 10 |
| Karthik Jayaram | UCLA A | UCSB | 100 | 10 |
| Aryan Pathak | UF C | ERAU A | 100 | 10 |
| Niru Shakya | Melbourne A | FIU | 100 | 10 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | James Madison | 100 | 10 |
| Joe O'Connor | George Mason B | Georgetown A | 100 | 10 |
| Eugene Kim | Purdue C | Indiana A | 100 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Purdue C | 100 | -5 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | UIC | 100 | 10 |
| Richard Lin | Amherst A | Brown C | 100 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | Amherst B | 100 | 10 |
| Gabrielle Smith | Auburn B | UAB A | 100 | 10 |
| Lorie Au Yeung | UCSC | Stanford B | 101 | 10 |
| August Szpak | CWRU C | Kenyon A | 101 | 10 |
| Dexter Hine | Simon Fraser | British Columbia C | 102 | 10 |
| Nelson Adams-Riley | Sewanee A | Mississippi State A | 102 | 10 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | 103 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | UF D | 103 | 10 |
| Simone Green | Kenyon B | CWRU D | 103 | 10 |
| Jacob Goodson | OSU B | MSU B | 103 | 10 |
| Simon Burstein | Virginia B | Roanoke | 103 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Lehigh B | 103 | 10 |
| Will Hollister | Lehigh A | Vassar A | 103 | 10 |
| Anurag Shah | Indiana B | Illinois A | 103 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Kentucky | 103 | 10 |
| Milo Scanlon | Macalester B | Iowa State | 103 | 10 |
| Thomas Watkins | South Carolina A | Tusculum | 104 | 10 |
| Ella Mankowski | Pitt C | Pitt B | 105 | 10 |
| Jake Wingfield | Bristol B | Lancaster A | 105 | 10 |
| Joshua Iyo " | North Carolina C | Liberty C | 106 | 10 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Virginia Tech B | 106 | 10 |
| Jarman Taylor | Johns Hopkins C | George Washington A | 106 | 10 |
| John Chen | British Columbia B | Alberta | 106 | 10 |
| Patrick Hartley | Warwick B | Edinburgh B | 113 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | Huntsville B | 116 | 10 |
| Gannon Rice | Clemson B | Tennessee A | 117 | 10 |
| Eshan Pant | NYU A | Catholic University | 117 | 10 |
| Aneesh Shrotriya | Purdue B | Notre Dame A | 117 | 10 |
| Dennis Yang | Michigan B | Louisville B | 117 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Michigan A | 117 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | Cornell-UG | 117 | 10 |
| Ben Romano | Brandeis Clemenceau | Yale A | 117 | 0 |
| Yoyo Liu | British Columbia A | Washington B | 117 | 10 |