This process names a phenomenon in which the momentum of stellar material causes it to be carried through the tachocline, known as this process’s namesake “overshoot.” High-resolution images of the Sun’s surface appear granulated because of entities named for this process in the photosphere. This process occurs when the magnitude of the actual temperature gradient exceeds that of the adiabatic temperature gradient, according to the Schwarzschild criterion. For main sequence stars under around 0.35 solar masses, this process is the dominant form of energy transport. In a zone named for this process just below the Sun’s atmosphere, plasma circulates heat via this process’s namesake “currents.” For 10 points, name this thermal process exemplified by movement of warmer fluid upwards and cold fluid downwards. ■END■
| 2025 ACF Nationals | 2025-08-09 | Y | 9 | 89% | 0% | 22% | 93.00 |
| Canada | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 81.33 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 89.92 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 95.33 |
| Overflow | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 40.00 |
| California | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 76.25 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 5 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 85.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 86.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 81.88 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 77.38 |
| Pacific Northwest | Main | Y | 10 | 100% | 0% | 20% | 87.60 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill B | 25 | 10 |
| June Yin | WashU A | Missouri A | 40 | 10 |
| Richard Lin | Washington B | Simon Fraser | 40 | 10 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 43 | 10 |
| Jacob Finley | Notre Dame A | Michigan A | 43 | 10 |
| Ethan Burks | Huntsville B | Huntsville A | 44 | 10 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | UTD B | 46 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Georgia Tech A | 46 | 10 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 49 | 10 |
| Athena Devashish | Minnesota C | Nebraska | 49 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Notre Dame B | 55 | 10 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | Claremont Scripps | 56 | 10 |
| Jakub Hel | UAB A | Alabama B | 56 | 10 |
| Kunaal Chandrashekar | Toronto A | McGill C | 59 | 10 |
| James Ferrabee | McGill D | Arizona State A | 59 | 10 |
| Aatreyo Bhattacharyya | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 65 | 10 |
| Charlie Castleton | Sheffield C | Imperial C | 65 | -5 |
| Kai Madgwick | Manchester A | Durham B | 65 | 10 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | Texas B | 66 | 10 |
| Will McCurley | Auburn A | Georgia Tech D | 71 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Northwestern B | Northwestern A | 74 | 10 |
| Oscar O'Flanagan | Imperial A | Sheffield B | 75 | 10 |
| Platon Gorokhov | Toronto F | Guelph B | 80 | -5 |
| Dennis Yang | Michigan B | Chicago C | 83 | 10 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA A | 84 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | McGill A | 84 | 10 |
| Thomas Brittain | McMaster B | Guelph A | 84 | 10 |
| Samarth Ram | Chicago B | Purdue C | 84 | 10 |
| Ethan Ma | Illinois B | Notre Dame D | 84 | 10 |
| Nishad Joshi | Kentucky | Purdue A | 84 | -5 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | McMaster C | 87 | 10 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Wisconsin | 87 | 10 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Minnesota B | 87 | 10 |
| Eveline Ong | Oxford A | Southampton A | 88 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | McMaster A | 91 | 10 |
| Ishan Joshi | Toronto Metropolitan | Western Ontario | 91 | 10 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Chicago D | 91 | 10 |
| Misty Chen | Purdue B | Illinois C | 91 | 10 |
| Yaj Jhajhria | Washington A | British Columbia D | 91 | 10 |
| Brayden Zhang | Vanderbilt B | Georgia Tech C | 91 | 10 |
| Gus Redding | Imperial B | LSE A | 92 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UF E | 93 | 10 |
| Hamish Campbell | Durham A | Sheffield A | 94 | 10 |
| Collin Leck | UCO | Alberta B | 95 | 10 |
| Rishabh Dave | Berkeley E | Berkeley A | 96 | 10 |
| Sean Yang | Waterloo | Toronto J | 96 | -5 |
| Jacob Ergueta | UF B | FIU | 96 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Louisville B | 96 | -5 |
| Ben Simmons | Macalester A | St. Thomas | 96 | 10 |
| Jeremy Mau | Northwestern C | Arizona State B | 96 | 10 |
| Shiva Tegulla | UCF A | UCF B | 97 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCLA B | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Jogadhenu | UCLA C | UCSB | 98 | 10 |
| Jarrod Curl | Tulsa | Iowa | 98 | 10 |
| Osbaldo Porrua | UIC | Michigan C | 100 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley B | 101 | 10 |
| Halee Carey | Ottawa | Toronto K | 102 | 10 |
| Tianyi Zheng | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | Claremont Pitzer | 103 | 10 |
| Jason Zhang | Toronto B | Toronto I | 103 | 10 |
| Coy Mier | Auburn B | Sewanee A | 103 | 10 |
| Antara Bhattacharya | Cambridge B | City St George's A | 103 | -5 |
| Jaz the Mononymous | Southampton B | Oxford B | 103 | 10 |
| Jackson McDonald | Alabama A | Mississippi State A | 104 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | Vanderbilt A | 104 | 10 |
| Oliver West | Cambridge C | Bristol B | 104 | 10 |
| Jonathan Ho | Alberta | British Columbia B | 105 | 10 |
| Ben Weng | Macalester B | Carleton | 106 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Queen's B | 107 | 10 |
| Justin Qian | British Columbia A | British Columbia C | 111 | 10 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Rose State | 121 | 10 |
| Nolan Jones | Purdue A | Kentucky | 122 | 10 |
| Raisa Tabassum | Guelph B | Toronto F | 123 | 10 |
| Zaire Gibbons | Toronto J | Waterloo | 123 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Notre Dame C | 123 | 10 |
| Hiten Umarnani | Imperial C | Sheffield C | 123 | 10 |
| Zachary Foster | City St George's A | Cambridge B | 123 | 0 |