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According to a Michael Gomez history of “dominion,” an early merchant empire named for this city was the first city-state in its region. Several Zaghe dynasty kings of this city with Muslim loan names appear on Spanish-produced stelae at its site of Sarneh. Kukiya and this city were the bases of the Za dynasty. Rulers from this city established the rump state of (*) Dendi. This city was looted by Judar Pasha after a planned cattle stampede was disrupted by gunfire during the Battle of Tondibi. In this city, a ruler used materials gathered on Hajj to construct a mud pyramid of protruding sticks as a tomb. This city was the capital of an empire ruled by Sunni Ali and Askia the Great. For 10 points, name this city on the River Niger, the first capital of the Songhai Empire. ■END■
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Stanford | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 25% | 0% | 75% | 68.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Northwestern | 10/25/25 | Y | 4 | 50% | 0% | 75% | 120.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Mainsite (UPenn) | 11/01/25 | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 50% | 103.60 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - BU | 11/01/25 | Y | 4 | 50% | 0% | 75% | 139.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - CWRU | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 136.33 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UNC | 11/01/25 | Y | 3 | 33% | 0% | 67% | 83.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - WashU | 11/01/25 | Y | 2 | 50% | 0% | 50% | 75.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Ottawa | 11/01/25 | Y | 7 | 71% | 0% | 86% | 118.20 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - UK | 11/01/25 | Y | 8 | 63% | 0% | 75% | 112.60 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Online | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 72.00 |
| 2025 Penn Bowl - Murray State | 11/08/25 | Y | 2 | 50% | 0% | 100% | 139.00 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Erik Christensen | #OpenToBuzz | Toronto G | 36 | -5 |
| Dillon Patel | Of Mice and Penn | The Bit and the Penndulum | 65 | 10 |
| Terry Tang | The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now | Free Win | 66 | -5 |
| Khang Le | abg academy | Wake Up Paddington A Washington Mystery | 67 | 10 |
| Ankit Aggarwal | In Search of Lost Clues | Stanford B | 68 | 10 |
| Justin Hawkins | Indiana | Northwestern B | 70 | -5 |
| Justin Wytmar | NYU A | John Jay | 71 | 10 |
| Kelvin Ni | NYU B | Columbia A | 73 | -5 |
| Raymond Wang | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | RIT | 75 | -5 |
| Nathaniel Hull | Berkeley A | Berkeley C | 75 | -5 |
| Charles Hang | WashU Kiki | VJ Edgecombe School of Interior Design - Edwardsville | 75 | 10 |
| Abigail Tan | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh | 77 | -5 |
| Ted Warner | Bristold | Knorr Stock Clue | 77 | -5 |
| Will Alston | rusty shackleford | New Young Whigs of America | 77 | 10 |
| Jonathan Lau | Maryland A | Mount Sinai | 77 | -5 |
| Ryan Sun | Berkeley B | Stanford A | 79 | -5 |
| Ben Hellman | Swarthmore | Columbia B | 79 | 10 |
| Noah Chin | VT A | UNC A | 83 | 10 |
| Ian Theysmeyer | Queen's is monitoring the situation | Guelph perfomative male competition | 84 | -5 |
| Robert Wisdom | Planck Sinatra | VT B | 84 | -5 |
| Nabhaan Farooqi | McGill Fartlets | Aweille Kevin Fan osti continue comme ça | 84 | 10 |
| Daoud Jackson | To buzz is to be perceived | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | 84 | -5 |
| Ved Muthusamy | Northwestern A | UChicago C | 87 | -5 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan A | Pittsburgh | 87 | -5 |
| Omer Keskin | Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance | Galactic Ombudsmen | 89 | 10 |
| Jacob Price | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | Hail to the Sheaf | 89 | -5 |
| Sky Li | Toronto G | #OpenToBuzz | 90 | 10 |
| Moses Kitakule | Columbia A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| Chris Stewart | Oklahoma | Central Oklahoma | 94 | -5 |
| Michael Du | Waterloo you are crooked | Ottawa 67s | 94 | -5 |
| Camden Williams | Truman State | WashU Bouba | 94 | -5 |
| Joey Sun | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | Toronto Murder on the Rider Express | 97 | -5 |
| John Marvin | UChicago A | Purdue A | 101 | -5 |
| William Houston | UChicago B | Purdue B | 101 | 10 |
| Michael Kearney | Harvard | Brandeis | 101 | -5 |
| Wisdom Obaigbena | Wise Duke | UNC B | 102 | -5 |
| Varun Sathyajeeth | Ohio State B | Michigan B | 102 | -5 |
| Sidarth Erat | MIT B | Yale | 105 | -5 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton A | McGill B | 105 | -5 |
| Ewan MacAulay | Washed Scrubs | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | 105 | -5 |
| Aditya Shivaswamy | JHU A | Maryland B | 105 | -5 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto Sunshine Bubbles | Toronto E | 107 | -5 |
| Philip Jordan | Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins | Washed Scrubs | 117 | 0 |
| Bryce Cruise | Texas A | Texas B | 121 | -5 |
| Aaron Storr | 1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail | To buzz is to be perceived | 131 | 10 |
| Andrew Amygdalos | CWRU | Michigan C | 131 | -5 |
| Reed Sexton | Michigan C | CWRU | 132 | 10 |
| Mihir Subramaniam | Pittsburgh | Michigan A | 138 | 10 |
| Nathan Zhao | Maryland B | JHU A | 138 | 10 |
| Brenden Stremler | Yale | MIT B | 139 | 10 |
| Collin Leck | Central Oklahoma | Oklahoma | 139 | 0 |
| Randy Guo | Texas B | Texas A | 139 | 10 |
| Nolan Jones | Purdue A | UChicago A | 139 | 10 |
| Stefan Vlad | Ottawa 67s | Waterloo you are crooked | 139 | 0 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph perfomative male competition | Queen's is monitoring the situation | 139 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto Murder on the Rider Express | Toronto Operation PBSuccess | 139 | 0 |
| Nathaniel Hall Godfrey | Toronto E | Toronto Sunshine Bubbles | 139 | 10 |
| Daniel Bloom | Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh | Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli | 139 | 10 |
| Oliver Hargrave | Hail to the Sheaf | why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it | 139 | 0 |
| Kai Madgwick | Knorr Stock Clue | Bristold | 139 | 10 |
| Oscar O’Flanagan | Chimp Brisket | Paul Quifford, or, It Was a Dark and Stormy Tournament | 139 | 0 |
| Emily Kadolph | VT B | Planck Sinatra | 139 | 0 |
| Diego Almaraz | UNC B | Wise Duke | 139 | 0 |
| Jonathan Schnipper | Brandeis | Harvard | 139 | 0 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown | MIT A | 139 | 10 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT | I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene | 139 | 0 |
| Mats Miller | UChicago C | Northwestern A | 139 | 0 |
| Ava Butler | McGill B | Carleton A | 139 | 10 |
| Annoshae Mirza | Berkeley C | Berkeley A | 139 | 0 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford A | Berkeley B | 139 | 0 |
| Shahar Schwartz | Free Win | The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now | 139 | 0 |
| Josh Koch | Michigan B | Ohio State B | 139 | 10 |
| Jarman Taylor | JHU B | Maryland C | 139 | 0 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland C | JHU B | 139 | 0 |
| Daniel Ma | Mount Sinai | Maryland A | 139 | 10 |
| Annabelle Yang | WashU Bouba | Truman State | 139 | 0 |