Hubble tension - 2025 Penn Bowl

Question

Daniel Scolnic used evidence from the DESI project to construct a cosmic distance ladder from the Coma cluster that confirms this discrepancy. For 10 points each:

[10h] Name this discrepancy between “late-universe” values of around 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec and “early-universe” values of 67 or 68 kilometers per second per megaparsec.

ANSWER: Hubble tension

[10m] The Hubble tension violates this model’s predictions for the Hubble parameter. This main cosmological model hypothesizes that 68% of the universe is dark energy.

ANSWER: LCDM [or Lambda-CDM; or Lambda-Cold Dark Matter; prompt on Standard Model of cosmology]

[10e] One proposed solution to the Hubble tension is that it is being caused by the sterile version of these particles. These leptons have almost no mass and no charge.

ANSWER: neutrinos [accept sterile neutrinos]

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Summary


2025 Penn Bowl - BU	11/01/25	Y	4	20.00	100%	50%	50%
2025 Penn Bowl - CWRU	11/01/25	Y	3	6.67	67%	0%	0%
2025 Penn Bowl - Mainsite (UPenn)	11/01/25	Y	6	15.00	100%	50%	0%
2025 Penn Bowl - Murray State	11/08/25	Y	2	15.00	100%	50%	0%
2025 Penn Bowl - Northwestern	10/25/25	Y	4	20.00	100%	75%	25%
2025 Penn Bowl - Online	11/08/25	Y	2	10.00	50%	50%	0%
2025 Penn Bowl - Ottawa	11/01/25	Y	7	17.14	100%	57%	14%
2025 Penn Bowl - Stanford	10/25/25	Y	4	22.50	100%	100%	25%
2025 Penn Bowl - UK	11/01/25	Y	9	16.67	89%	56%	22%
2025 Penn Bowl - UNC	11/01/25	Y	3	13.33	100%	33%	0%
2025 Penn Bowl - WashU	11/01/25	Y	2	20.00	100%	50%	50%

Data


Brandeis	Yale	0	0	10	10
Brown	I've been running into you in my lead plumbocene what could have benzene	10	10	10	30
Harvard	MIT A	0	0	10	10
MIT B	RIT	10	10	10	30
Ohio State A	Michigan B	0	0	10	10
Michigan C	Ohio State B	0	0	0	0
Pittsburgh	Michigan A	0	0	10	10
Columbia A	Maryland A	0	10	10	20
NYU B	JHU B	0	0	10	10
Columbia B	Maryland B	0	0	10	10
Mount Sinai	Maryland C	0	0	10	10
JHU A	NYU A	0	10	10	20
John Jay	Swarthmore	0	10	10	20
Oklahoma	Central Oklahoma	0	0	10	10
Texas B	Texas A	0	10	10	20
Illinois	UChicago B	0	10	10	20
UChicago A	Northwestern A	10	10	10	30
Purdue A	Northwestern B	0	10	10	20
UChicago C	Indiana	0	0	10	10
New Young Whigs of America	rusty shackleford	0	0	0	0
abg academy	Wake Up Paddington A Washington Mystery	0	10	10	20
Aweille Kevin Fan osti continue comme ça	Carleton A	0	0	10	10
McGill B	Guelph perfomative male competition	0	10	10	20
#OpenToBuzz	McGill Fartlets	0	0	10	10
Toronto G	Ottawa 67s	10	10	10	30
Queen's is monitoring the situation	Toronto Murder on the Rider Express	0	0	10	10
Toronto Sunshine Bubbles	Toronto E	0	10	10	20
Toronto Operation PBSuccess	Waterloo you are crooked	0	10	10	20
In Search of Lost Clues	Berkeley A	10	10	10	30
The best time to buzz was twenty clues ago. The second best time to buzz is now	Berkeley C	0	10	10	20
Free Win	Stanford B	0	10	10	20
Berkeley B	Stanford A	0	10	10	20
Coughing Baby	1. Wawa 2. Blank Street 151. Black Sheep at Kings Cross rail	0	10	10	20
Bristold	question mark	0	0	10	10
Burnaburiash's Lapis Lazuli	Penn and the Art of Tossup-Bonus cycle Maintenance	0	10	0	10
Paul Quifford, or, It Was a Dark and Stormy Tournament	Galactic Ombudsmen	0	0	10	10
To buzz is to be perceived	Knorr Stock Clue	0	10	10	20
Quiztian Bale in Ratman Begins	Alas poor Warwick, I knew him Edinburgh	0	0	10	10
Hail to the Sheaf	The Bit and the Penndulum	10	10	10	30
Washed Scrubs	Chimp Brisket	0	0	10	10
why is it called a score clue if nobody scores points on it	Of Mice and Penn	10	10	10	30
Planck Sinatra	UNC A	0	0	10	10
VT A	UNC B	0	0	10	10
Wise Duke	VT B	0	10	10	20
WashU Bouba	Truman State	0	0	10	10
WashU Kiki	VJ Edgecombe School of Interior Design - Edwardsville	10	10	10	30