If the transfer integral of these particles is small, the repulsion between them can lead to the Mott transition. (10[1])If these particles are “nearly free” (10[1])but weakly interact with a periodic (10[1])potential, (10[1])Bloch’s theorem (10[3])can be used (10[1])to compute their band structure. (10[2])Superconductivity (10[3]-5[1])is (10[1])caused (-5[1])by (10[2])bound (10[1])pairs (10[4])of (10[1])these (10[2])particles (10[16])theorized (10[2])by (10[3])Leon (10[2])Cooper. (10[9])Places (10[1]-5[1])in a lattice (10[1])where these (10[1])particles (10[1])don’t exist (10[1])are (-5[1])called (10[1])holes. (10[26])If (10[3])a photon’s (10[1])energy (10[1])exceeds a material’s (10[2])work function, (10[2])it (10[1])can (10[1])eject (10[3])one of these (10[3])particles (10[4])in an effect (10[3])whose (10[1])description won Albert Einstein the Nobel Prize. (10[2]-5[3])For 10 points, name these negatively-charged (10[3])particles (10[3])whose (10[1])orbitals surround the (10[1])nuclei (10[1])of atoms. ■END■ (10[4])