W.V.O. Quine claimed he misrepresented this philosopher’s proof of the necessity of identity because he lost the last page of her paper. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this philosopher whose debate with Quine over the merits of modal logic was resolved by her namesake formula, which implies that if there is a possible world where something exists, then it exists in the actual world.
ANSWER: Ruth Barcan Marcus [or Ruth Charlotte Barcan or Ruth Barcan Marcus; accept Barcan formula]
[10h] Quentin Smith controversially claimed that Saul Kripke plagiarized his theory of direct reference from Barcan Marcus’ solution to the problem of empty names, which holds that names simply function as these things and have no meaning.
ANSWER: tags [or identifying tags]
[10e] In contrast to direct reference theories, Quine’s claim that “Pegasus” can be equated with “the thing that Pegasizes” exemplifies the theory that names are definite examples of these statements.
ANSWER: descriptions [accept definite descriptions or definite descriptors]
<S, Philosophy>