The Green-Davies-Mingos rules explain how alkenes that are liganded to a metal will react with these compounds. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these compounds that otherwise won’t substitute at alkenes, since they definitionally attack positively charged atoms through mechanisms like SN2.
ANSWER: nucleophiles [accept nucleophilic atoms; prompt on Lewis bases; reject “bases” alone]
[10h] The umpolung that occurs when alkenes coordinate a metal permits this synthetically useful named reaction. Palladium catalyzes this allylic nucleophilic substitution, often by an alkyl group.
ANSWER: Tsuji-Trost reaction [or Tsuji-Trost allylation or alkylation; prompt on Trost or Tsuji by themselves]
[10m] Unusually, this metal sometimes makes alkenes bonded to it more nucleophilic, which is why it’s great for photoredox dual catalysis. This element’s metallocene complex weirdly has 20 valence electrons and is bright green.
ANSWER: nickel [or Ni]
<S, Chemistry>