Barry et al. used these crystallographic defects to measure single-neuron action potentials in the marine worm Myxicola infundibulum. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these defects used as quantum sensors for magnetometry, electrometry, and thermometry. These defects are created from P1 defects by electron irradiation followed by annealing.
ANSWER: nitrogen-vacancy centers [or NV centers; accept NV-minus centers or NV-zero centers]
[10m] NV quantum sensors are read out via decreases in fluorescence, caused by a resonant microwave inducing this process between spin states. In this process, a two-level quantum system evolves between being in one state, a superposition of both states, and the other state.
ANSWER: Rabi oscillations [or Rabi cycles or Rabi flops]
[10e] Thermometry with NV centers is possible because their transition frequencies change when diamond undergoes this process. This process’s coefficient, denoted alpha, relates temperature changes to size changes.
ANSWER: thermal expansion [or thermal contraction; accept coefficient of thermal expansion; accept linear, area, or volumetric thermal expansion; prompt on expansion or contraction]
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