In William Whewell’s form of this view, the faculty of “conscience” is just “reason exercised on moral subjects.” For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this ethical theory that J. S. Mill criticized on the grounds that there are no a priori truths. Henry Sidgwick claimed that this view is compatible with utilitarianism, but egoism isn’t.
ANSWER: intuitionism [or moral intuitionism; or ethical intuitionism]
[10e] Despite opposing intuitionism, Mill did think that most people will agree that certain kinds of this state are qualitatively “higher.” This state is desirable according to Bentham’s felicific calculus.
ANSWER: pleasure [accept happiness; prompt on satisfaction]
[10h] Contra Mill, this thinker noted that most of his students consider Shakespeare to be a higher pleasure than The Simpsons while still enjoying it less. This thinker’s popular lecture on utilitarianism begins by examining the case R v Dudley and Stephens.
ANSWER: Michael Sandel (“sandal”) (The lecture is from Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?)
<FW, Philosophy>