Jan Vansina noted that these two ethnic groups were sometimes distinguished in pre-colonial society by who was farming and who was herding, rather than genetic differences. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these two ethnic groups, the two largest in modern-day Rwanda.
ANSWER: Hutu AND Tutsi [accept in either order]
[10h] This system of cattle-based clientelism defined the pre-colonial Rwandan social order, in which Tutsi elites permitted Hutu farmers to lease their cattle in exchange for crop returns and military service.
ANSWER: ubuhake
[10m] This institution first perpetuated the Tutsi-dominant beliefs of Léon-Paul Classe, then supported the Bahutu Manifesto’s call for an end to Hutu discrimination. This institution abetted the massacre, then bulldozing, of 20,000 civilians in Nyarubuye during the Genocide.
ANSWER: Roman Catholic Church in Rwanda [prompt on Christian Church]
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