A form of spectroscopy that relies on this process to deconvolute the output signal was used for the first detection of single molecules. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this process of recoding a noisy sinusoidal signal into a carrier wave. The “frequency” type of this process was historically used to improve the fidelity of radio telecommunications.
ANSWER: frequency modulation [or FM]
[10h] Nowadays, single fluorescent molecules are measured in a solution assay that measures this property of the intensity in a small measurement volume. To infer particle size, DLS fits this property of the intensity trajectory to a decaying exponential.
ANSWER: autocorrelation function [accept first-order autocorrelation function; prompt on g; prompt on correlation or fluorescence correlation spectroscopy or FCS]
[10m] Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy usually requires this type of microscope, which minimizes the measurement volume by only permitting light to pass through a small hole in a z-plane.
ANSWER: confocal microscope [or confocal microscopy]
<S, Chemistry>