Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg claimed that the treaty upholding this country’s neutrality was just a “scrap of paper.” For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this country whose neutrality was established via the 1839 Treaty of London, before Germany invaded it as part of the Schlieffen Plan for attacking France.
ANSWER: Belgium [or Kingdom of Belgium, Koninkrijk België, Royaume de Belgique, or Königreich Belgien]
[10h] This long-tenured diplomat represented Russia at the Treaty of London negotiations. Born in Corsica, his dislike for Napoleon led him to join the Russian diplomatic corps to oppose the Bonapartes.
ANSWER: Carlo Andrea Pozzo di Borgo [or Charles-André Pozzo de Borgo or Karl Osipovich Pozzo di Borgo; prompt on Pozzo]
[10m] The treaty also guaranteed Belgian rights of transit to this region, where millions of miners lived in “colonies” by the end of the 19th century. A “Red Army” named for this region formed in response to the Kapp Putsch.
ANSWER: Ruhr Valley [or Ruhrgebiet; accept Ruhr Red Army or Ruhr Uprising]
<RR, European History>