Arabic term required. The Christian philosopher Yahya ibn ‘Adi argued that abstinence is virtuous for some people and vicious for others in a book on the “refinement” of this concept. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this concept whose “refinement” also titles a popular treatise by Ibn ‘Adi’s student Miskawayh. A treatise by Naṣīr al-Dīn al-Ṭūsī exemplifies a style of literature named for this word variously translated as “character,” “ethics,” or “morals.”
ANSWER: akhlaq [accept Tahdhib al-akhlaq; accept Akhlaq-i Nasiri]
[10m] Three answers required. Ibn ‘Adi’s Tahdhib al-akhlaq derives its ethics from the theory of the soul in Plato’s Republic, which divides it into these three parts.
ANSWER: appetitive, spirited, AND rational [accept desiring in place of “appetitive”; accept courageous in place of “spirited”; accept reasoning in place of “rational”; accept eros, thymos, AND logos; accept epithumetikon, thumoeides, AND logistikon]
[10e] Plato’s theory of the soul survived in the Arab world due to the writings of this thinker. Al-Razi’s ethical treatise Spiritual Medicine was inspired by this Roman’s theory of the four humors.
ANSWER: Galen of Pergamon [or Aelius Galenus; or Claudius Galenus]
<FW, Philosophy>