Hypersonic aircraft have blunt noses, rather than the sharp noses of supersonic aircraft, to protect from this phenomenon. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this phenomenon that occurs to an aircraft in flight both due to air compression and friction. Spacecraft have a “shield” to protect them from this phenomenon on atmospheric re-entry.
ANSWER: aerodynamic heating [accept reasonable equivalents; accept burning up]
[10h] Blunt bodies are better at managing heat because they produce this kind of shockwave, which is physically separated from the tip of the aircraft and wider in area, allowing heat to disperse more.
ANSWER: bow shocks [or detached shock or bowed normal shock]
[10m] Hypersonic flow problems are often modeled using the example of quasi-1D flow through one of these nozzles. Rocket engines use these nozzles, which narrow to a choke then expand again, to accelerate fuel to hypersonic speeds.
ANSWER: de Laval nozzle [or convergent-divergent nozzle, or CD nozzle, or con-di nozzle]
<RR, Other Science>