This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| Northern California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Southern California | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Eastern Canada | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (1) | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (2) | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Upper Midwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| North | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| Northwest | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |