This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| Northern California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Southern California | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Eastern Canada | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (1) | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (2) | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Upper Midwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| North | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| Northwest | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |