This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| Northern California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Southern California | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Eastern Canada | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (1) | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (2) | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Upper Midwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| North | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| Northwest | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |