This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| Northern California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Southern California | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Eastern Canada | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (1) | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (2) | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Upper Midwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| North | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| Northwest | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |