This substance lies underneath so-called false bottoms, which form through double diffusion. This substance may become trapped in pockets following its namesake rejection. It’s not related to thermodynamics, but the potential density of this substance is displayed on T-S diagrams. Deviations from this substance’s VSMOW standard are used to identify periods during which it becomes enriched with oxygen-18 due to low temperatures. This dense substance lies below Ghyben–Herzberg lenses, which share their name with an equation used to model its “intrusion.” The SMOC (“S-mock”) and AMOC (“A-mock”) drive the thermohaline circulation of this substance. Reverse osmosis is often used to purify, for 10 points, what substance that mixes with a fresh counterpart in estuaries? ■END■
| Northern California | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 60% | 74.50 |
| Southern California | Main | Y | 6 | 83% | 0% | 83% | 94.80 |
| Eastern Canada | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 42% | 91.08 |
| Florida | Main | Y | 6 | 100% | 0% | 17% | 97.50 |
| Great Lakes | Main | Y | 7 | 100% | 0% | 14% | 90.29 |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | Main | Y | 10 | 80% | 0% | 50% | 98.75 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (1) | Main | Y | 10 | 90% | 0% | 50% | 97.89 |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic (2) | Main | Y | 5 | 80% | 0% | 40% | 97.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 4 | 100% | 0% | 25% | 81.50 |
| Lower Midwest | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 100% | 134.00 |
| Upper Midwest | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 67% | 95.92 |
| North | Main | Y | 2 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 105.00 |
| Northeast | Main | Y | 12 | 100% | 0% | 75% | 106.92 |
| Northwest | Main | Y | 4 | 75% | 0% | 25% | 69.67 |
| South Central | Main | Y | 8 | 100% | 0% | 50% | 101.00 |
| Southeast | Main | Y | 8 | 75% | 0% | 50% | 98.00 |
| UK | Main | Y | 1 | 100% | 0% | 0% | 66.00 |
| Upstate NY | Main | Y | 3 | 100% | 0% | 33% | 103.67 |
| Player | Team | Opponent | Buzz Position | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethen Sun | Toronto D | McGill C | 22 | 10 |
| Jesse Chusing | Ottawa | Toronto I | 22 | 10 |
| Mark Tawfik | Rutgers B | Vassar A | 22 | -5 |
| Gary Lin | UCSD What Hath God Wrought | UCLA A | 26 | 10 |
| Thomas Wu | Berkeley E | Berkeley B | 27 | 10 |
| Michał Gerasimiuk | Stanford A | Berkeley F | 27 | -5 |
| Surya Dinesh | MIT A | Bowdoin B | 36 | -5 |
| Kevin Ye | Simon Fraser | Washington B | 38 | 10 |
| Annika Larson | Claremont Scripps | UCLA C | 39 | -5 |
| June Yin | WashU A | WashU B | 39 | 10 |
| Arthur Zhang | Purdue B | Illinois B | 43 | 10 |
| Alex Akridge | Indiana A | Chicago C | 45 | 10 |
| Cole Hartung | Georgetown A | NYU A | 49 | -5 |
| Brendan Bridle | Queen's A | Guelph A | 57 | -5 |
| Russell Nip | British Columbia D | British Columbia B | 57 | -5 |
| Sri Lnu | Clemson B | Liberty B | 57 | -5 |
| Rohan Ganeshan | Harvard | MIT B | 57 | -5 |
| David Yuan | Berkeley A | UCSC | 57 | 10 |
| Benjamin Chapman | Toronto A | Toronto E | 58 | -5 |
| Sam Hewitt | WashU C | Missouri B | 58 | -5 |
| Frank Schuster | MSU A | Pitt B | 60 | 10 |
| Aaryan Sumesh | Berkeley D | Stanford C | 60 | -5 |
| Advai Srinivasan | UCI | USC | 61 | -5 |
| Kaiwen Xiao | UCLA B | UCSB | 61 | -5 |
| Xavier Bornhorst | Maryland B | Notre Dame E | 61 | -5 |
| Anirudh Bharadwaj | Penn A | Johns Hopkins A | 61 | -5 |
| Olin Bose | Columbia A | Columbia B | 61 | -5 |
| Tianyu Xu | Georgia Tech A | Auburn B | 61 | -5 |
| Eames Weeks | Brown B | BU | 61 | -5 |
| Allan Lee | Stanford B | Berkeley C | 61 | -5 |
| Joshua Koch | Michigan A | Kentucky | 61 | -5 |
| Felix Garrett Johnston | Huntsville A | Alabama B | 61 | -5 |
| Erin Williams | James Madison | Liberty C | 62 | -5 |
| Jackson Crickard | Claremont Pitzer | UCSD Vices and Virtues | 64 | -5 |
| Alan Li | Cornell-UG | Brandeis Orlando | 64 | -5 |
| Matthew Bucek | George Mason A | George Washington B | 65 | 10 |
| S. A. Shenoy | Georgia Tech B | Mississippi State A | 65 | -5 |
| Krishay Garg | UCLA D | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | 66 | -5 |
| Alina Moore | Tennessee B | Clemson A | 66 | -5 |
| Alvin Guo | Chicago A | Illinois C | 66 | -5 |
| Agnijo Banerjee | Cambridge A | Imperial A | 66 | 10 |
| Anthony Xu | Amherst A | Williams | 67 | -5 |
| Matthew He | Texas A | UCO | 70 | -5 |
| Raifton Bartling | Johns Hopkins C | Penn B | 75 | -5 |
| Kapil Nathan | UAB A | Bruin A | 80 | -5 |
| Travis Johnson | Pitt A | OSU B | 81 | 10 |
| Sarah Dong | Michigan C | Louisville B | 81 | -5 |
| Joseph Cole | North Carolina B | Virginia Tech A | 82 | 10 |
| Bryan Ugaz | Arizona State A | Ohio | 82 | -5 |
| Akshansh Chauhan | UTD A | Northwestern C | 82 | -5 |
| Jim Fan | North Carolina A | South Carolina A | 82 | -5 |
| Snehan Saroch | Louisville A | Michigan D | 82 | -5 |
| Kevin Wang | British Columbia C | British Columbia A | 83 | 10 |
| Joseph Chambers | Virginia A | Tusculum | 84 | 10 |
| James Wadsley | McGill D | UTD B | 87 | 10 |
| Ella Ridgway | BC A | Tufts A | 87 | -5 |
| Donal Ryan | Truman State | WashU C | 87 | 10 |
| Pace Klein | CWRU A | Pitt C | 88 | 10 |
| Ian Chow | Washington A | Alberta | 88 | 10 |
| Roman Bassett | UF A | UCF B | 88 | 10 |
| Alex Dzurick | William Woods | SIUE | 88 | 10 |
| Shardul Parthasarathy | Illinois A | Chicago B | 88 | 10 |
| Simon Choist | Queen's B | Toronto C | 91 | -5 |
| Aditya Patnaik | OSU C | Kenyon A | 91 | -5 |
| Ian Parsons | Maryland D | George Washington A | 91 | 10 |
| Andy Yu | Maryland A | NYU B | 91 | 10 |
| Shreyas Sinha | Texas B | Alberta B | 91 | 10 |
| Owen Ashbrook | Iowa | Northwestern A | 91 | 10 |
| Stephen Walsh | Northwestern B | Tulsa | 91 | 10 |
| Samir Sarma | Georgia Tech D | Alabama A | 91 | 10 |
| Amir Dolansky | Toronto H | Toronto G | 91 | 10 |
| Nicholas Nguyen | UF E | UCF A | 91 | 10 |
| Drew Wetterlind | Iowa State | Carleton | 91 | -5 |
| Sam Kemeny | Brandeis Clemenceau | Brown A | 91 | 10 |
| William Groger | Princeton A | Lehigh B | 91 | 10 |
| Tommy Donelon | Missouri B | WashU D | 91 | -5 |
| Beckett Pursey | Purdue A | Notre Dame A | 91 | -5 |
| Cade Reinberger | RIT B | Cornell-DII | 91 | 10 |
| Galen Mueller | McGill A | McMaster C | 92 | -5 |
| Dillon George | Catholic University | UMBC A | 92 | 10 |
| Seth Allen | McMaster A | Toronto F | 93 | 10 |
| Kevin Cronk | Virginia Tech B | South Carolina B | 93 | 10 |
| Monish Jampala | Georgia Tech C | Auburn A | 93 | 10 |
| Roxanne Tang | OSU A | CWRU C | 93 | 10 |
| Dustin Sanders | Chicago D | Notre Dame D | 93 | -5 |
| Patrick Boyle | Notre Dame B | Indiana B | 93 | 10 |
| Darren Kellis | Vanderbilt B | Huntsville B | 93 | 10 |
| Derrick Liu | Johns Hopkins B | VCU A | 95 | 10 |
| Denali Tran-Le | McGill B | Toronto J | 95 | 10 |
| Vikram Rajmohan | Amherst B | Yale A | 95 | -5 |
| Aaron Velez | Yale B | Brandeis Wilson | 95 | 10 |
| Wyatt Johnson | CWRU B | MSU B | 97 | 10 |
| Jack O'Brien | Georgetown B | George Mason C | 98 | -5 |
| Luke Houtz | Arizona State B | Rose State | 98 | -5 |
| Sean Gao | Toronto K | Carleton | 98 | -5 |
| Adithya Parat | McMaster B | Toronto Metropolitan | 98 | 10 |
| Gavin Littrell | ERAU A | Melbourne A | 98 | 10 |
| Juan Landaeta | FSU | ERAU B | 98 | 10 |
| Addison Wiggins | USF | FIU | 98 | 10 |
| Josh Schmidt | Liberty A | Roanoke | 98 | 10 |
| Puna Ekka | Minnesota A | Macalester B | 98 | 10 |
| Elliott Gomes | Dartmouth | Tufts B | 98 | -5 |
| Owen Steele | Swarthmore A | Lehigh A | 98 | 10 |
| Rahul Rao-Pothuraju | Rowan A | Rutgers C | 98 | 10 |
| Kennedy Gallaher | Notre Dame C | Purdue C | 98 | -5 |
| Ethan Enochian | Purdue C | Notre Dame C | 98 | 10 |
| Truman Hill | Vanderbilt A | Sewanee A | 98 | 10 |
| Andrew Miller | Binghamton A | RIT A | 98 | -5 |
| Abbott Sherwin | NC State | Tennessee A | 100 | 10 |
| Michael Sun | Brandeis Lloyd George | Bowdoin A | 100 | -5 |
| Peter Zeng | OSU D | CWRU D | 101 | 10 |
| Ryan Lee | Brown C | BC B | 101 | 10 |
| Andrew Pham | MIT B | Harvard | 101 | 10 |
| Alex Brown | UIC | Michigan B | 101 | -5 |
| Vedh Ramesh | Penn B | Johns Hopkins C | 102 | 0 |
| Vinu Harihar | Berkeley F | Stanford A | 102 | 10 |
| Aidan Bernardo | Melbourne B | UF D | 102 | -5 |
| Virginia Stewart | Alabama B | Huntsville A | 102 | 10 |
| Deeba Lealaz | Virginia B | North Carolina C | 103 | -5 |
| Emily Snider | Liberty B | Clemson B | 103 | 0 |
| Ezra Siegartel | Vassar A | Rutgers B | 103 | 10 |
| Aidan Keenan | Rochester | Syracuse | 108 | 10 |
| Justine Hopkins | Liberty C | James Madison | 109 | 10 |
| Max Kolda | Notre Dame E | Maryland B | 111 | 10 |
| John Cha | Tufts A | BC A | 111 | 10 |
| Denis Liu | Stanford C | Berkeley D | 111 | 0 |
| Jack Lewis | Bruin A | UAB A | 111 | 10 |
| Aarav Kakad | UCLA C | Claremont Scripps | 112 | 10 |
| Karthik Krishnamurthy | USC | UCI | 112 | 10 |
| Ashlee Bacconi | UCSB | UCLA B | 112 | 0 |
| Fish Tsai | UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms | UCLA D | 112 | 10 |
| Sumukh Murthy | UCSD Vices and Virtues | Claremont Pitzer | 112 | 10 |
| Eva Mandelbaum | Guelph A | Queen's A | 112 | 10 |
| Carter Yott | McMaster C | McGill A | 112 | 10 |
| Franklin Wu | Toronto C | Queen's B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Price | Kenyon A | OSU C | 112 | 10 |
| Sam Kung | North Carolina C | Virginia B | 112 | 10 |
| Abbi Tesreau | George Mason C | Georgetown B | 112 | 10 |
| Jacob Hardin-Bernhardt | NYU A | Georgetown A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin He | Johns Hopkins A | Penn A | 112 | 10 |
| Patrick Rivas-Giorgi | Columbia B | Columbia A | 112 | 0 |
| Max Mao | British Columbia B | British Columbia D | 112 | 0 |
| Young Fenimore Lee | Ohio | Arizona State A | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Vidal | Northwestern C | UTD A | 112 | 10 |
| Cassidy McIntyre | Rose State | Arizona State B | 112 | 10 |
| Brody Sadler | UCO | Texas A | 112 | 10 |
| TJ Pickering | Auburn B | Georgia Tech A | 112 | 0 |
| James Xiao | Toronto E | Toronto A | 112 | 10 |
| Kevin Le | Carleton | Toronto K | 112 | 10 |
| William Schwartz | Guelph B | Western Ontario | 112 | 10 |
| Emmanuel Alayande | UF D | Melbourne B | 112 | 10 |
| Caleb Slusher | South Carolina A | North Carolina A | 112 | 10 |
| Emily Hackwelder | Notre Dame D | Chicago D | 112 | 10 |
| Raymond Jiang | Illinois C | Chicago A | 112 | 10 |
| Aaron Marchand | Carleton | Iowa State | 112 | 10 |
| Andrew Verdesca | Yale A | Amherst B | 112 | 10 |
| Graham Lucas | Bowdoin B | MIT A | 112 | 10 |
| Richard Lim | Bowdoin A | Brandeis Lloyd George | 112 | 10 |
| Jack Granahan | Brandeis Orlando | Cornell-UG | 112 | 10 |
| Niklas Reitsch | BU | Brown B | 112 | 10 |
| Devon Kumar | Tufts B | Dartmouth | 112 | 10 |
| Matthew Kohn | Williams | Amherst A | 112 | 10 |
| Swapnil Garg | Berkeley C | Stanford B | 112 | 10 |
| Theodor Martin | WashU D | Missouri B | 112 | 10 |
| Nathan Woolery | Louisville B | Michigan C | 112 | 10 |
| Olivia Kiser | Kentucky | Michigan A | 112 | 10 |
| Grant Koh | Michigan D | Louisville A | 112 | 10 |
| Jonah Hubert | Notre Dame A | Purdue A | 112 | 10 |
| Aryan Desarapu | Michigan B | UIC | 112 | 10 |
| Sawyer Smith | Mississippi State A | Georgia Tech B | 112 | 0 |
| Will Hoover | RIT A | Binghamton A | 112 | 10 |
| Safiya Hasan | Missouri B | WashU C | 134 | 10 |