bacteriophages - 2025 ACF Winter

Question

One technique for the purification of RNA-protein complexes makes use of these organisms in MS2 tagging. Another technique (10[3])using these organisms (10[1])uses pIII (10[1])and takes advantage of an M13 (10[1])vector. (10[2]-5[1])One form of these organisms, (10[1])in which the Cro and (10[1])cl (10[1])repressors are found, (10[2]-5[2])was first isolated (10[1])by (10[1])Esther Lederberg. (10[1]-5[1])These (10[2]-5[1])organisms (10[4])were (10[1])used to prove that (10[1])DNA (10[1])is genetic (10[5])material (10[3])by (10[2])radiolabeling (10[11]-5[2])with (10[2]-5[1])phosphorus-32 (10[10]-5[1])and sulfur-35 (10[2])in (10[1])the Hershey–Chase (10[2]-5[1])experiment. (10[3]-5[2])One (10[1])variety (-5[1])of these organisms that can undergo a lytic life cycle (10[2])but not (10[2]-5[1])a (10[1])lysogenic (-5[2])life cycle (10[1]-5[3])has a hollow tail (10[2])and an (10[1])icosahedral (10[3])head. (10[5]-5[1])Examples (-5[1])of (10[1])these organisms (10[1]-5[1])include T4 and lambda. (10[1]0[1]-5[1])For 10 points, (10[1])name these viruses that infect bacteria. (10[1])■END■ (10[25]0[2])

ANSWER: bacteriophages [accept lambda phage or T4 phage until read; prompt on viruses]

= Average correct buzz position

Summary


Northern California	Main	Y	5	100%	0%	0%	50.80
Southern California	Main	Y	5	100%	0%	0%	61.80
Eastern Canada	Main	Y	13	100%	0%	31%	80.00
Florida	Main	Y	6	83%	0%	33%	101.40
Great Lakes	Main	Y	7	86%	0%	14%	75.67
Lower Mid-Atlantic	Main	Y	10	100%	0%	10%	80.70
Upper Mid-Atlantic (1)	Main	Y	11	100%	0%	18%	68.82
Upper Mid-Atlantic (2)	Main	Y	5	100%	0%	20%	81.80
Lower Midwest	Main	Y	4	100%	0%	0%	63.00
Upper Midwest	Main	Y	12	100%	0%	8%	61.67
North	Main	Y	2	100%	0%	0%	96.00
Northeast	Main	Y	11	100%	0%	27%	78.00
Northwest	Main	Y	4	100%	0%	50%	89.75
Southeast	Main	Y	8	100%	0%	25%	73.50
UK	Main	Y	10	100%	0%	20%	76.50
Upstate NY	Main	Y	3	67%	0%	67%	110.50
Upstate NY	Main	Y	1	100%	0%	0%	60.00

Buzzes

Player	Team	Opponent	Buzz Position	Value
Raymond Chen	Toronto B	Toronto D	17	10
Allan Lee	Stanford B	Stanford A	17	10
David Bass	Johns Hopkins A	NYU A	17	10
Ezra Santos	Chicago A	Michigan B	20	10
Yrwin Batan	MIT A	Brandeis Clemenceau	22	10
Jacob Finley	Notre Dame A	UIC	28	10
Alec Riso	Cornell-UG	Yale A	29	10
Liam Rojas	Virginia A	Tennessee A	29	10
Elijah O'Sick Johnson	Binghamton B	Cornell-DII	29	-5
Tony Chen	Toronto A	Ottawa	34	10
Ted Harrison	Edinburgh A	Cambridge C	39	10
Samarth Ram	Chicago B	Purdue A	40	10
Carter Yott	McMaster C	Carleton	43	-5
Tianyu Xu	Georgia Tech A	Georgia Tech D	43	-5
Aiden Shields	Clemson A	Virginia B	43	10
Patrick Boyle	Notre Dame B	Illinois B	43	10
Jonathan Ho	Alberta	Washington B	46	10
Jonathan Lau	Maryland A	Georgetown A	47	10
Swapnil Garg	Berkeley C	Berkeley D	49	10
Snehan Saroch	Louisville A	Michigan C	49	-5
Tate Osborne	Auburn A	Vanderbilt A	50	-5
Jack Lewis	Bruin A	Alabama A	50	10
June Yin	WashU A	William Woods	50	10
Rajiv Pujara	Dartmouth	Williams	51	10
S. A. Shenoy	Georgia Tech B	Sewanee A	51	10
Albert Nyang	LSE A	Bristol B	51	10
Shiva Tegulla	UCF A	Melbourne B	51	10
Yash Mandavia	Illinois A	Michigan A	52	10
Braxton Davis	Missouri A	WashU B	56	10
Fish Tsai	UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms	USC	57	10
Joseph Strom	Louisville B	Purdue B	59	10
Kelvin Ni	NYU B	UMBC A	59	10
Karthik Jayaram	UCLA A	UCI	59	10
Malachi Ledford	Tusculum	Clemson B	59	10
Ilyas Choukri	Virginia Tech B	South Carolina A	59	10
Krishay Garg	UCLA D	UCLA C	60	10
Beverly Eborn	BC A	Brandeis Orlando	60	10
Cade Reinberger	RIT B	ESF	60	10
Xavier Bornhorst	Maryland B	Johns Hopkins C	61	10
Jacob Goodson	OSU B	MSU A	61	10
Thomas Wu	Berkeley E	Berkeley F	62	10
Asha Basu	McGill A	McMaster A	62	10
Charlie Ruff	McGill C	Toronto K	62	10
Victor Xu	Toronto H	Queen's A	62	10
James McCurley	Harvard	Brown C	62	-5
Sidarth Erat	MIT B	Amherst A	62	10
Danny Han	Stanford C	UCSC	62	10
Margaret Withers	George Mason B	Penn A	62	10
Fern Fang	VCU A	Maryland C	62	10
Dexter Hine	Simon Fraser	Washington A	62	-5
Kapil Nathan	UAB A	Huntsville B	62	10
Tommy Donelon	Missouri B	Truman State	62	10
Alex Akridge	Indiana A	Illinois C	62	10
Adithya Parat	McMaster B	Western Ontario	63	10
Niklas Reitsch	BU	Brown A	63	-5
Christopher Pawul	Columbia C	Lehigh B	63	10
Vivian Malouf	Berkeley A	Berkeley B	64	10
Gary Lin	UCSD What Hath God Wrought	UCLA B	64	10
Juan Landaeta	FSU	UF E	64	-5
Joel Dicker	Southampton A	Durham B	64	10
Darren Kellis	Vanderbilt B	Auburn B	64	10
Dennis Reppen	Imperial A	City St George's A	64	10
Kai Madgwick	Manchester A	Imperial C	64	10
Travis Johnson	Pitt A	OSU A	64	10
Aditya Patnaik	OSU C	CWRU B	64	10
Samuel Lipsutz	Chicago C	Kentucky	64	10
Sarah Dong	Michigan C	Louisville A	64	10
Sawyer Smith	Mississippi State A	Alabama B	66	10
Rahul Rao-Pothuraju	Rowan A	Vassar A	66	10
Monish Jampala	Georgia Tech C	Huntsville A	67	10
Jackson Crickard	Claremont Pitzer	UCSB	69	10
Aryan Pathak	UF C	FIU	69	-5
Matthew Bucek	George Mason A	Maryland D	69	10
Deepanshi Matai	Toronto C	Guelph A	70	-5
Cameron Liu	Toronto I	McGill B	70	-5
Leonard Castine	Penn B	George Mason C	70	10
Kyle Chua	CWRU D	Kenyon A	70	10
Omkar Marathe	Columbia A	Lehigh A	70	10
Aisling Skeet	Durham A	Southampton B	71	10
Derrick Liu	Johns Hopkins B	George Washington B	72	-5
Andrew Massaro	Catholic University	Georgetown B	82	10
Pace Klein	CWRU A	OSU D	82	10
Zhangir Satzhanov	Birmingham A	Cambridge B	84	-5
Emily Kadolph	Virginia Tech A	Liberty C	84	10
Tyler Thurman	SIUE	WashU C	84	10
Yoyo Liu	British Columbia A	British Columbia D	85	10
Theodore Lam	Toronto G	Toronto J	86	-5
Max Mao	British Columbia B	British Columbia C	86	-5
Emma Gates	Brown B	Amherst B	88	-5
Eveline Ong	Oxford A	Sheffield C	88	10
Nick Smemoe	North Carolina B	North Carolina C	88	-5
Andrew Miller	Binghamton A	Rochester	88	-5
Drew Wetterlind	Iowa State	Macalester B	92	10
Riley Roessler	Bowdoin B	Tufts A	92	10
Raisa Tabassum	Guelph B	Toronto E	94	10
Simon Choist	Queen's B	Waterloo	95	10
Ishan Joshi	Toronto Metropolitan	Toronto F	95	10
Jim Fan	North Carolina A	Liberty B	95	10
Emily Hackwelder	Notre Dame D	Purdue C	96	10
Niki Ilia	BC B	Brandeis Wilson	96	10
Chris Levesley	Warwick A	Oxford B	96	10
Simone Green	Kenyon B	CWRU C	96	-5
Abbott Sherwin	NC State	South Carolina B	96	10
Sim Spurrier	Swarthmore A	Rutgers C	96	10
Kevin Herro	George Washington A	Notre Dame E	97	-5
Dustin Sanders	Chicago D	Notre Dame C	98	10
Dominik Polley	Carleton	Minnesota A	100	10
Carter McLean	Princeton A	Columbia B	100	-5
Michael Sun	Brandeis Lloyd George	Tufts B	104	10
Andrew Fisher	Sheffield A	Cambridge D	104	-5
Arjun Saulnier	CWRU C	Kenyon B	104	0
Emilie Moore	RIT A	Syracuse	107	10
Jacob Evans	MSU B	Pitt B	113	10
Kevin Le	Carleton	McMaster C	114	10
Eva Mandelbaum	Guelph A	Toronto C	114	10
Anthony Gagliano	McGill B	Toronto I	114	10
Nathaniel Godfrey	Toronto J	Toronto G	114	10
Mateo Acosta	FIU	UF C	114	0
Jeevan Iyadurai	UF E	FSU	114	10
Luc Vulliez	Amherst B	Brown B	114	10
Atharv Chowdhary	Brown A	BU	114	10
Ryan Lee	Brown C	Harvard	114	10
Gavin Markoff	Vanderbilt A	Auburn A	114	10
Samir Sarma	Georgia Tech D	Georgia Tech A	114	10
Elokkin Pate-Geames	Tennessee B	Roanoke	114	10
Ryan Gameng	George Washington B	Johns Hopkins B	114	10
Max Kolda	Notre Dame E	George Washington A	114	10
Joyann Hua	British Columbia C	British Columbia B	114	10
Ian Chow	Washington A	Simon Fraser	114	10
Alex Baker	Cambridge B	Birmingham A	114	10
Yasmin Campbell	Cambridge D	Sheffield A	114	10
Ryan Gomes	Melbourne A	UF A	114	10
Peyton Legg	UCF B	USF	114	10
Noah Trochessett	UF D	UF B	114	10
Mason Lambert	James Madison	Liberty A	114	10
Joshua Iyo "	North Carolina C	North Carolina B	114	10
Patrick Rivas-Giorgi	Columbia B	Princeton A	114	10
Peter Ballas	Michigan D	Indiana B	114	10
Reese Powell	Cornell-DII	Binghamton B	114	0
Robert Chen	Rochester	Binghamton A	114	10

Northern California

Main

100%

50.80

Southern California

Main

100%

61.80

Eastern Canada

Main

100%

31%

80.00

Florida

Main

83%

33%

101.40

Great Lakes

Main

86%

14%

75.67

Lower Mid-Atlantic

Main

100%

10%

80.70

Upper Mid-Atlantic (1)

Main

100%

18%

68.82

Upper Mid-Atlantic (2)

Main

100%

20%

81.80

Lower Midwest

Main

100%

63.00

Upper Midwest

Main

100%

61.67

North

Main

100%

96.00

Northeast

Main

100%

27%

78.00

Northwest

Main

100%

50%

89.75

Southeast

Main

100%

25%

73.50

Main

100%

20%

76.50

Upstate NY

Main

67%

110.50

Upstate NY

Main

100%

60.00

Player

Team

Opponent

Buzz Position

Value

Raymond Chen

Toronto B

Toronto D

Allan Lee

Stanford B

Stanford A

David Bass

Johns Hopkins A

NYU A

Ezra Santos

Chicago A

Michigan B

Yrwin Batan

MIT A

Brandeis Clemenceau

Jacob Finley

Notre Dame A

UIC

Alec Riso

Cornell-UG

Yale A

Liam Rojas

Virginia A

Tennessee A

Elijah O'Sick Johnson

Binghamton B

Cornell-DII

-5

Tony Chen

Toronto A

Ottawa

Ted Harrison

Edinburgh A

Cambridge C

Samarth Ram

Chicago B

Purdue A

Carter Yott

McMaster C

Carleton

-5

Tianyu Xu

Georgia Tech A

Georgia Tech D

-5

Aiden Shields

Clemson A

Virginia B

Patrick Boyle

Notre Dame B

Illinois B

Jonathan Ho

Alberta

Washington B

Jonathan Lau

Maryland A

Georgetown A

Swapnil Garg

Berkeley C

Berkeley D

Snehan Saroch

Louisville A

Michigan C

-5

Tate Osborne

Auburn A

Vanderbilt A

-5

Jack Lewis

Bruin A

Alabama A

June Yin

WashU A

William Woods

Rajiv Pujara

Dartmouth

Williams

S. A. Shenoy

Georgia Tech B

Sewanee A

Albert Nyang

LSE A

Bristol B

Shiva Tegulla

UCF A

Melbourne B

Yash Mandavia

Illinois A

Michigan A

Braxton Davis

Missouri A

WashU B

Fish Tsai

UCSD Two Running Violet V Forms

USC

Joseph Strom

Louisville B

Purdue B

Kelvin Ni

NYU B

UMBC A

Karthik Jayaram

UCLA A

UCI

Malachi Ledford

Tusculum

Clemson B

Ilyas Choukri

Virginia Tech B

South Carolina A

Krishay Garg

UCLA D

UCLA C

Beverly Eborn

BC A

Brandeis Orlando

Cade Reinberger

RIT B

ESF

Xavier Bornhorst

Maryland B

Johns Hopkins C

Jacob Goodson

OSU B

MSU A

Thomas Wu

Berkeley E

Berkeley F

Asha Basu

McGill A

McMaster A

Charlie Ruff

McGill C

Toronto K

Victor Xu

Toronto H

Queen's A

James McCurley

Harvard

Brown C

-5

Sidarth Erat

MIT B

Amherst A

Danny Han

Stanford C

UCSC

Margaret Withers

George Mason B

Penn A

Fern Fang

VCU A

Maryland C

Dexter Hine

Simon Fraser

Washington A

-5

Kapil Nathan

UAB A

Huntsville B

Tommy Donelon

Missouri B

Truman State

Alex Akridge

Indiana A

Illinois C

Adithya Parat

McMaster B

Western Ontario

Niklas Reitsch

Brown A

-5

Christopher Pawul

Columbia C

Lehigh B

Vivian Malouf

Berkeley A

Berkeley B

Gary Lin

UCSD What Hath God Wrought

UCLA B

Juan Landaeta

FSU

UF E

-5

Joel Dicker

Southampton A

Durham B

Darren Kellis

Vanderbilt B

Auburn B

Dennis Reppen

Imperial A

City St George's A

Kai Madgwick

Manchester A

Imperial C

Travis Johnson

Pitt A

OSU A

Aditya Patnaik

OSU C

CWRU B

Samuel Lipsutz

Chicago C

Kentucky

Sarah Dong

Michigan C

Louisville A

Sawyer Smith

Mississippi State A

Alabama B

Rahul Rao-Pothuraju

Rowan A

Vassar A

Monish Jampala

Georgia Tech C

Huntsville A

Jackson Crickard

Claremont Pitzer

UCSB

Aryan Pathak

UF C

FIU

-5

Matthew Bucek

George Mason A

Maryland D

Deepanshi Matai

Toronto C

Guelph A

-5

Cameron Liu

Toronto I

McGill B

-5

Leonard Castine

Penn B

George Mason C

Kyle Chua

CWRU D

Kenyon A

Omkar Marathe

Columbia A

Lehigh A

Aisling Skeet

Durham A

Southampton B

Derrick Liu

Johns Hopkins B

George Washington B

-5

Andrew Massaro

Catholic University

Georgetown B

Pace Klein

CWRU A

OSU D

Zhangir Satzhanov

Birmingham A

Cambridge B

-5

Emily Kadolph

Virginia Tech A

Liberty C

Tyler Thurman

SIUE

WashU C

Yoyo Liu

British Columbia A

British Columbia D

Theodore Lam

Toronto G

Toronto J

-5

Max Mao

British Columbia B

British Columbia C

-5

Emma Gates

Brown B

Amherst B

-5

Eveline Ong

Oxford A

Sheffield C

Nick Smemoe

North Carolina B

North Carolina C

-5

Andrew Miller

Binghamton A

Rochester

-5

Drew Wetterlind

Iowa State

Macalester B

Riley Roessler

Bowdoin B

Tufts A

Raisa Tabassum

Guelph B

Toronto E

Simon Choist

Queen's B

Waterloo

Ishan Joshi

Toronto Metropolitan

Toronto F

Jim Fan

North Carolina A

Liberty B

Emily Hackwelder

Notre Dame D

Purdue C

Niki Ilia

BC B

Brandeis Wilson

Chris Levesley

Warwick A

Oxford B

Simone Green

Kenyon B

CWRU C

-5

Abbott Sherwin

NC State

South Carolina B

Sim Spurrier

Swarthmore A

Rutgers C

Kevin Herro

George Washington A

Notre Dame E

-5

Dustin Sanders

Chicago D

Notre Dame C

Dominik Polley

Carleton

Minnesota A

100

Carter McLean

Princeton A

Columbia B

100

-5

Michael Sun

Brandeis Lloyd George

Tufts B

104

Andrew Fisher

Sheffield A

Cambridge D

104

-5

Arjun Saulnier

CWRU C

Kenyon B

104

Emilie Moore

RIT A

Syracuse

107

Jacob Evans

MSU B

Pitt B

113

Kevin Le

Carleton

McMaster C

114

Eva Mandelbaum

Guelph A

Toronto C

114

Anthony Gagliano

McGill B

Toronto I

114

Nathaniel Godfrey

Toronto J

Toronto G

114

Mateo Acosta

FIU

UF C

114

Jeevan Iyadurai

UF E

FSU

114

Luc Vulliez

Amherst B

Brown B

114

Atharv Chowdhary

Brown A

114

Ryan Lee

Brown C

Harvard

114

Gavin Markoff

Vanderbilt A

Auburn A

114

Samir Sarma

Georgia Tech D

Georgia Tech A

114

Elokkin Pate-Geames

Tennessee B

Roanoke

114

Ryan Gameng

George Washington B

Johns Hopkins B

114

Max Kolda

Notre Dame E

George Washington A

114

Joyann Hua

British Columbia C

British Columbia B

114

Ian Chow

Washington A

Simon Fraser

114

Alex Baker

Cambridge B

Birmingham A

114

Yasmin Campbell

Cambridge D

Sheffield A

114

Ryan Gomes

Melbourne A

UF A

114

Peyton Legg

UCF B

USF

114

Noah Trochessett

UF D

UF B

114

Mason Lambert

James Madison

Liberty A

114

Joshua Iyo "

North Carolina C

North Carolina B

114

Patrick Rivas-Giorgi

Columbia B

Princeton A

114

Peter Ballas

Michigan D

Indiana B

114

Reese Powell

Cornell-DII

Binghamton B

114

Robert Chen

Rochester

Binghamton A

114