Answer the following about examples in the philosophy of language that involve the planet Venus, for 10 points each.
[10m] The description of Venus as both the “morning star” and the “evening star” is a classic example from this Gottlob Frege (“FRAY-guh”) paper. Its two title concepts respectively denote what a name expresses and what object it indicates.
ANSWER: “On Sense and Reference” [or “On Sense and Nominatum”; or “On Sense and Denotation”; or “Über Sinn und Bedeutung”]
[10e] Hilary Putnam wrote that the claim “Venus has carbon dioxide in its atmosphere” should be able to have this property regardless of one’s theory. Two terms must both have this Boolean value for their logical conjunction, or AND, to have it.
ANSWER: true [or word forms like truth]
[10h] Scott’s claim about Venus being an “inferior planet” recurs throughout a Donald Davidson paper titled “On Saying [this word].” David Kaplan prefixed this word with the letter “d” to form a reference-fixing operator.
ANSWER: that [accept “On Saying That”; accept dthat (“D-that”)]
<TM, Philosophy>