Question
Answer the following about discoveries in ecology achieved by studying butterflies, for 10 points each.
[10e] Until recently, monarch butterflies were thought to be the insect to undergo the longest type of this process. During this process, an organism travels across long distances, usually on a seasonal basis.
ANSWER: migration [or word forms; prompt on movement or navigation] (The insect with the longest migration is now thought to be the dragonfly species Pantala flavescens.)
[10m] This type of mimicry was first observed in the butterfly genus Heliconius. This type of mimicry relies on all involved species exhibiting aposematism and being unpalatable.
ANSWER: Müllerian mimicry
[10h] A study of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in Finland’s Åland Islands is the largest ever to examine these entities, which are approximated using the source-sink model. Richard Levins coined the term for these entities, which are patches of habitat linked by migration or dispersal of individuals.
ANSWER: metapopulations [prompt on populations]
<MS, Biology>
Summary
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 100% | 17% | 0% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 14.00 | 100% | 40% | 0% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 18.00 | 100% | 80% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| UK | 2025-02-01 | Y | 10 | 11.00 | 100% | 10% | 0% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 8 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 16.67 | 100% | 67% | 0% |
Data
| UCF C | Florida B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Florida State A | UCF B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Valencia A | Florida A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Carnegie Mellon A | Case Western A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan B | Michigan D | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan A | Michigan C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Case Western B | Ohio State B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Duke | Liberty B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Liberty C | South Carolina | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| UNC B | Virginia Tech A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Virginia A | UNC C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Liberty A | UNC D | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| William & Mary | Wake Forest | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Illinois A | Chicago A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Missouri | Chicago B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Minnesota B | Iowa State | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Winona State | Wisconsin A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Wisconsin B | Carleton | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Tufts A | BU | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Brandeis A | Harvard B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Brown A | Brandeis B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| MIT A | Dartmouth A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Harvard A | UMass Boston | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Ohio State A | Michigan State | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Georgetown A | Notre Dame A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Stanford B | Georgetown B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Northwestern A | Notre Dame B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Northwestern B | Notre Dame C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Iowa | Purdue | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| UW A | Alberta | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| UW B | UBC | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech D | Georgia Tech A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Georgia Tech C | Georgia Tech B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Vanderbilt A | Alabama A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Bruin A | Louisville A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Oxford A | Bristol | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Manchester | Cambridge A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Cambridge B | Southampton A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Southampton B | Cambridge C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Warwick B | Cambridge D | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Warwick A | Cambridge E | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU C | Durham | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Imperial B | Oxford C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Imperial A | Oxford B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Sheffield | LSE | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Columbia B | Penn B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Cornell B | NYU B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Haverford A | Rutgers A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| George Washington B | John Jay College | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Maryland A | Maryland B | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU A | Haverford B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Yale A | Columbia C | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| ESF A | Binghamton A | 10 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Cornell C | Cornell D | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| RIT A | RIT B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Johns Hopkins A | George Washington A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |