Question
A 1955 study of this process by Townes and Holtfreter demonstrated that it can happen spontaneously to minimize free energy in the differential adhesion hypothesis. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this process controlled in one organism by dpp and inhibited by Sog. During this process, the marginal zone undergoes convergent extension and involutes the blastoral lip.
ANSWER: gastrulation [accept short gastrulation; prompt on morphogenesis or embryogenesis or embryonic development]
[10e] Dpp and Sog control dorsal-axis formation in this model insect popularized by Thomas Hunt Morgan.
ANSWER: fruit fly [or Drosophila melanogaster or D. melanogaster]
[10h] Anterior–posterior axis patterning in Drosophila is determined by maternal effect genes like this protein that patterns the head and thorax with Hunchback. The first discovered morphogen was this protein, which when mutated causes a lethal phenotype in which the insect develops a longer abdomen instead of its head.
ANSWER: Bicoid [or bcd; accept homeotic protein bicoid]
<Oxford A, Biology>
Summary
| Florida | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Great Lakes | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 11.67 | 100% | 17% | 0% |
| Lower Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 16.67 | 100% | 50% | 17% |
| Midwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| North | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 13.33 | 100% | 33% | 0% |
| Northeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 5 | 16.00 | 100% | 40% | 20% |
| Overflow | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 12.50 | 100% | 25% | 0% |
| Pacific Northwest | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| South Central | 2025-02-01 | Y | 2 | 10.00 | 100% | 0% | 0% |
| Southeast | 2025-02-01 | Y | 4 | 17.50 | 100% | 50% | 25% |
| Upper Mid-Atlantic | 2025-02-01 | Y | 9 | 13.33 | 100% | 22% | 11% |
| Upstate NY | 2025-02-01 | Y | 3 | 10.00 | 67% | 33% | 0% |
Data
| Florida A | Valencia A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Florida State A | UCF B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Florida B | UCF C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan A | Carnegie Mellon A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Carnegie Mellon B | Michigan C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Ohio State B | Michigan D | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Michigan State | Michigan B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Ohio State A | Case Western A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Duke | Liberty A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| South Carolina | Liberty B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| William & Mary | UNC B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Virginia Tech A | UNC C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Virginia A | UNC D | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Liberty C | Wake Forest | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Chicago B | Illinois B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Illinois A | Chicago C | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Chicago D | Chicago A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Missouri | Illinois C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| WashU A | Indiana B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Indiana A | WashU B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Carleton | Iowa State | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Minnesota B | Winona State | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Wisconsin A | Wisconsin B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Case Western B | Kenyon | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| BU | Brandeis A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Harvard A | Brandeis B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Harvard B | Dartmouth A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Brown A | Tufts A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| MIT A | UMass Boston | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Northwestern B | Georgetown A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Notre Dame C | Notre Dame B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Purdue | Iowa | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Stanford B | Northwestern A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| UW B | Alberta | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| UBC | UW A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Texas B | ASU | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| TAMU | Texas A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Georgia Tech A | Tennessee A | 10 | 10 | 10 | 30 |
| Georgia Tech C | Louisville A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Georgia Tech B | Vanderbilt A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Alabama A | Bruin A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU A | Cornell B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| George Washington A | Haverford B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| John Jay College | Columbia C | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Maryland A | Johns Hopkins A | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| NYU B | George Washington B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Penn B | Haverford A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Rutgers A | Penn A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Vassar A | Maryland B | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| Yale A | Columbia B | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| Cornell C | Binghamton A | 10 | 10 | 0 | 20 |
| RIT A | Cornell D | 0 | 10 | 0 | 10 |
| RIT B | ESF A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |