This cause was the main focus of Devere Allen, who incorporated it into a 1934 socialist “Declaration of Principles.” Joseph and Michael Hofer, two members of a Hutterite colony in South Dakota, were brutally tortured for endorsing this cause. Randolph Bourne’s endorsement of this cause inspired him to coin the phrase that a certain institution “is the health of the State.” In a failed effort to promote this cause, Henry Ford chartered the Oscar II (“two”) with the backing of Rosika Schwimmer and a party founded in 1915 by Jane Addams. Elihu Root served as the first president of a think tank for this cause established by Andrew Carnegie. Jeannette Rankin’s lifelong commitment to this cause informed a 1917 dissenting vote in Congress. For 10 points, name this cause supported by conscientious objectors. ■END■
ANSWER: pacifism [or peace; or world peace; or international peace; or anti-war; or war resistance; accept opposition to World War I or opposition to World War II; accept conscientious objection or being a conscientious objector until read; accept opposing the draft; accept Women’s Peace Party; accept Peace Ship; accept Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; prompt on world government or internationalism; prompt on isolationism] (Devere Allen’s “Declaration of Principles” argued that the Socialist Party of America should take a pacifist stance. Randolph Bourne’s essay featured the phrase “War is the Health of the State.”)
<American History>
= Average correct buzz position