An increase in this quantity is caused by the rotation of a condensate lying along a flat direction in the Affleck–Dine mechanism. This quantity arises as a topological invariant in the Skyrme (“skurm”) model, in which it and a value denoted m categorize different soliton solutions. This quantity corresponds to the U(1)-sub-V (“U one sub V”) symmetry (10[1])of the Standard Model Lagrangian. This is the alphabetically former quantity that can be changed by sphalerons (10[1])in increments of (10[1])three. (10[1])Thermal (-5[1])nonequilibrium is necessary for this quantity to have a net positive value (10[1])by the last of the three (10[1])Sakharov conditions. Quarks have (10[1])a value of one-third (-5[2])for (10[1])this quantity. (-5[4])This quantity’s total (10[1]-5[1])departed (-5[1])from zero in a form of “asymmetry” (-5[2])that began soon after the big bang. (10[2]-5[2])For 10 points, what quantity counts the number of particles that are made up of odd numbers of quarks? (10[1])■END■ (10[8]0[2])