Mahasi Sayadaw and S.N. Goenka helped to popularize a principally Burmese school of meditation named for this word outside Myanmar. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this original-language Buddhist term that often translates as “insight.” Members of this tradition spread the idea of silent meditation retreats conducted for prisoners.
ANSWER: vipassana
[10e] Vipassana meditation is part of this branch of Buddhism, which dominates across Southeast Asia.
ANSWER: Theravada Buddhism [accept School of the Elders or Way of the Elders; prompt on Hinayana]
[10h] Theravada Buddhists often contrast vipassana with this other kind of meditation, whose name means calm or tranquility. Skills developed in this type of meditation are often treated as a prerequisite for vipassana.
ANSWER: samatha [prompt on samadhi]
<Benjamin McAvoy-Bickford, Religion>