The renormalization group for the “strong” type of this phenomenon was described by Daniel Fisher. The presence of a small amount of this phenomenon destabilizes a fixed point when “the dimension times nu is greater (15[1])than 2” per the Harris criterion. The free energy is singular in a region of the phase diagram in Griffiths phases caused by this phenomenon. The thermodynamics of systems with this property can be treated through iteratively adding spins and averaging in the cavity method. (15[1])That method is an alternative to one introduced by Sam Edwards which averages (*) “log Z” over this phenomenon by constructing copies of a system called replicas. Depending on whether this phenomenon (-5[1])is thermally distributed, (10[1])this phenomenon may be termed quenched or (10[1])annealed. (10[2])For 10 (10[2])points, paramagnetic phases and glassy systems are associated with high amounts of what phenomenon that is (10[1])said to be measured (-5[1])by entropy? ■END■ (10[2]0[2])