The “silk letter” movement operated alongside a movement named for this title, whose followers declared a kingdom in Ernad during a rebellion that ended after prisoners were suffocated in the “Wagon tragedy.” In hopes of transferring this title, Marmaduke Pickthall went to Nice, France, to get a former holder’s consent for his daughter to marry the Nizam of Hyderabad’s son. A year before a 1924 law replaced this title, it was reimagined in a book by Rashīd Riḍā. Mappilas joined a movement named for, and aimed at (*) preserving, this title, which operated contemporaneously with the Non-Cooperation Movement in British India under the leadership of the Ali brothers. Sharif Hussein bin Ali briefly took this title, which was held by the Ottoman Sultan for 500 years from Selim I until its abolition by Atatürk. For 10 points, name this title alternately called “Commander of the Faithful.” ■END■
ANSWER: caliph [or khilāfah; or Sultan-Caliph of Ottoman Empire; accept Commander of the Faithful until “Commander” is read; accept ’Amir al-Mu’minin, Halîfe-i Müslimîn, or Emîrü’l-Mü’minîn; accept caliphate or Khilafat Movement; prompt on sultan of the Ottoman Empire or Ottoman emperor until “Ottoman” is read by asking “which other title held by the sultan does the clue refer to?”]
<JB, Other History>
= Average correct buzz position