These groups converge in a space of possible attitudes in a classic application of rational choice theory to them by Anthony Downs. Divisions in (-5[1])Western Europe in the late 1800s set these groups in “frozen”equilibrium according to a 1967 essay by Lipset and Rokkan. Campbell et al.’s Michigan Model proposed that (15[1])attachment to these groups transmits strongly (-5[1])across generations (15[2])and pioneered the study (15[1]-5[1])of (*) “identification” (10[1])with them. (10[1]-5[1])Systems (10[1])of (10[1])these linkage groups form along divisions like “center versus periphery”according to cleavage theory. (-5[1])The (-5[1])shift of one of these organizations to a “big tent” (10[1])in (10[1])1932 is (10[3])a classic example of realignment. For (10[4])10 points, Canada’s (10[1])NDP is an example of what organizations that run candidates in elections? ■END■