An “energy-dispersive” form of spectroscopy using this radiation produces peaks that correspond to the different elements in the sample’s surface. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this high-energy radiation, whose diffraction is used to elucidate molecular structure in a namesake form of crystallography.
ANSWER: X-rays [or energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy; accept X-ray diffraction or X-ray crystallography]
[10m] A law named for this scientist states that the square root of the emitted X-ray frequency is proportional to atomic number. This scientist proposed organizing the periodic table by atomic number, not atomic mass.
ANSWER: Henry Moseley [accept Moseley’s law]
[10h] X-ray crystallography’s phase problem is solved with the Patterson function, which is equivalent to this quantity convolved with its inverse. The first Hohenberg-Kohn theorem states this quantity uniquely determines a system’s ground-state properties.
ANSWER: electron density [prompt on partial]
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