This scientist developed factors equal to “the exponential of beta times temperature” that measure the relative probability that a system will occupy any particular microstrate. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this scientist who also used an assumption of “molecular chaos” to derive his namesake transport equation.
ANSWER: Ludwig Boltzmann [accept Boltzmann transport equation]
[10h] In the canonical ensemble, summing up the Boltzmann factors across all microstates allows one to calculate this quantity that normalizes the Boltzmann distribution.
ANSWER: partition function [prompt on Z]
[10e] The canonical ensemble holds particle number, temperature, and this other quantity constant. Pressure times this quantity equals “nRT” according to the ideal gas law.
ANSWER: volume [prompt on V]
<Physics>