Animals that have adapted to live in these environments are often crepuscular or nocturnal and are known as xerocoles. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these ecosystems that can be created by rain shadows. Water-preserving adaptations can often be found in organisms like cacti that live in these arid environments.
ANSWER: deserts
[10m] Cacti store malate in vacuoles as part of this process to reduce water loss and wasteful photorespiration. This pathway involves only opening stomata for gas exchange at night.
ANSWER: CAM photosynthesis [or Crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis; prompt on photosynthesis]
[10h] Development of these structures has also helped cacti adapt to desert environments. In addition to spines and glochids, new cactus branches also grow out of these small bumps.
ANSWER: areoles
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