To do this task with a resolution of 3 kilometers, a US government agency uses the HRRR, or High-Resolution Rapid Fresh model. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name this task whose “numerical” form is performed by integrating the primitive equations on a spherical grid. Initial data for this task includes temperatures and pressures measured by radiosondes mounted on balloons.
ANSWER: weather prediction [or numerical weather prediction; or weather forecasting; or weather modeling; or meteorology; or answers that indicate predicting rain, snow, wind, precipitation, etc.; prompt on atmospheric modeling or monitoring; prompt on weather; prompt on prediction or forecasting; reject answers that mention “climate”]
[10m] Most regional weather models work at this scale, with grid cells that are several kilometers in size. As its Greek-derived name implies, this scale is of a size between the storm scale and synoptic scale.
ANSWER: mesoscale
[10h] Processes that occur on a subgrid scale, such as a form of drag described by this adjective, must be explicitly parameterized in weather models. A form of transport described by this adjective can generate standing waves that form lenticular clouds.
ANSWER: orographic [or orographic lift or orographic drag; accept orography; prompt on mountain ranges or hills or topography or terrain]
<Other Science>