In the 1990s, the World Wildlife Fund directed projects in East Kalimantan to create these constructs using indigenous knowledge, the first such projects to gain traction outside of North America. For 10 points each:
[10e] Name these constructs that can be created mentally, as studied by Kevin Lynch. Cartographers make more objective forms of these representations of space with GIS.
ANSWER: maps [accept mental maps; accept indigenous mapping or counter-mapping] (Indigenous mapping projects in Kalimantan led Nancy Peluso to pioneer the concept of counter-mapping.)
[10m] This island’s Lorentz National Park is one of indigenous mapping’s biggest successes, using Asmat and Dani knowledge to protect a highly diverse transect from the tropical Arafura Sea to the glaciers of Puncak (“POON-chahk”) Jaya.
ANSWER: New Guinea [or Papua; or Niugini; accept Irian]
[10h] On Luzon, indigenous mapping is being used to protect these rice terraces, which were hand carved by the Igorot people in Ifugao Province. Unlike nearby Batad and Bangaan, these terraces are not protected by UNESCO.
ANSWER: Banaue (“bah-NAH-way”) Rice Terraces [or Hagdan-hagdang Palayan ng Banawe or Payo iti Banaue or Natukantukad a Pagtatalonan iti Banaue]
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