A school of ancient philosophy attempted to harmonize a purely autonomous will with a deterministic model of the universe using an analogy involving one of these animals. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this animal which pulls a cart in that analogy, which was also used by Cleanthes to describe wicked men. Sextus Empiricus recorded a philosopher’s argument that these animals use disjunctive syllogism.
ANSWER: dogs
[10e] The analogy of a dog tied to a cart was associated with this school of philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium, which held that moral virtue was the only real good and classified all external aspects of life as “indifferents.”
ANSWER: Stoicism [or the Stoa]
[10m] In Pro Murena, this Roman philosopher argued that Stoicism’s adherence to virtue made it unable to make the compromises needed to pursue the public good. This thinker also wrote Tusculan Disputations and De Officiis.
ANSWER: Marcus Tulius Cicero [or Marcus Tully]
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