This process’s legacy is “decentralized despotism” per Mahmood Mamdani’s Citizen and Subject. Following this process’s “Epic School,” Ali Mazrui called it the third source of a “triple heritagne.” Peripheral crises led “informal” collaborators to drive this “climactic” process per Robinson and Gallagher’s book on its “official mind,” which stressed its continuity with free trade in “legitimate commerce.” This process was a mere “episode” per J. F. Ade Ajayi (“ah-day ah-jah-yee”) of the Ibadan (“ih-BAH-dun”) School, and it resulted from overproduction that led capitalists to seek protected markets, according to J. A. Hobson. Jules Ferry cited a “civilizing mission” to justify parts of this process, whose speed is often credited to quinine’s breach of the “disease barrier” and the Maxim gun. For 10 points, the start of what centerpiece of the “new imperialism” is often dated to the Berlin Conference? ■END■
ANSWER: Scramble for Africa [or Scramble for African territory, or partition of Africa, colonization of Africa, European conquest of Africa, African colonialism, race for Africa, acquisition of Africa, invasion of Africa, or equivalents; accept specific African countries such as Madagascar or Tunisia in place of “Africa”; prompt on new imperialism, high imperialism, late colonialism, colonization, or equivalents] (Robinson and Gallgher wrote Africa and the Victorians and “The Imperialism of Free Trade.”)
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= Average correct buzz position