Specific term required. A 2022 book on this concept by Michael Keevak blames its colonial uses on the missionary Arthur Henderson Smith’s writing on national “characteristics.” Persian enhancement of shakhsiat (“shack-see-yat”) and âberu (“ah-buh-roo”) challenges the universality of this concept’s “negative” freedom of action. No attempt is made to avoid damaging this concept in “bald on-record” strategies. Acts can threaten this concept in Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. This concept was treated as a ritual feature of social interactions in an essay on corrective and conflict-avoidant aspects of its “work” by Erving Goffman. Analysis of this concept’s “negotiation” in intercultural communication uses Westernized calques that distort the original liǎn (“lee-YEN”) and miànzi (“mee-YEN-tsuh”). For 10 points, what Chinese-derived concept encompasses reputation and honor that may be “lost”? ■END■
ANSWER: face [accept “lose face,” “save face,” “give face,” or word forms of any of those non-underlined terms; accept miànzi or liǎn until each is read; accept facework, face-to-face interactions, “On Face-Work,” or face-threatening acts; prompt on honor, prestige, reputation, social standing, social status, dignity, respect, self-worth, morality, or equivalents of any until “reputation” is read] (Smith wrote Chinese Characteristics.)
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= Average correct buzz position