Either this process or diffusion lends its name to an “artificial” numerical technique used in the Jameson–Schmidt–Turkel scheme, which can increase stability in CFD. Uniqueness theorems at very low Reynolds numbers can be used to prove that Stokes flow minimizes this process in a theorem sometimes named for Hermann von Helmholtz. The overall rate of this process is the volume integral of the contraction of the stress and strain rate tensors. This process’s rate per unit mass, denoted epsilon, scales with velocity cubed over length in Kolmogorov’s theory of turbulence, which asserts that this process occurs below the Kolmogorov length scale. This irreversible process occurs during damped oscillations due to friction. For 10 points, name this process in which a system loses energy. ■END■
ANSWER: energy dissipation [or dissipating or dissipates or dissipative process; accept dissipation of kinetic energy; accept artificial dissipation; prompt on loss of kinetic energy or equivalents until “loses energy” is read]
<Physics>
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