This input enables oxidations to generate a “pool” of carbocations with umpolung reactivity that can be regenerated in situ. This input drives a low-temperature dimerization named for Hermann Kolbe, which joins two radicals (-5[1])formed through (-5[1])decarboxylation. (10[1])Reactors receiving this input may undergo flooding due to changes in their wettability. A cobalt catalyst is used instead of this input in the Fowler process for perfluorinating hydrocarbons. A total yield of 200 percent per unit of this input is possible in paired reactions consisting of two spatially separated (-5[1])parts. (10[1])Two steps involving this input are interspersed with conventional chemistry in an˝ ECE reaction. (10[1])The output of the Hall–Héroult process (10[1])depends (10[1])on the supply of this input (10[3])and the length (-5[1])of (10[1])reaction. (-5[2])For 10 points, name this input used to cleave bonds (-5[1])near (-5[1])either the anode or cathode. (10[6])■END■ (10[9]0[2])