A book on “two patron saints of classical philosophy” compares Socrates to a sage of this ethnicity. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this ethnicity whose epistemology separates “direct” and “second-hand” knowledge, according to Hallen and Sodipo. A 256-part “corpus” in their language uses a word meaning “head” to denote a force that directs one’s fate.
ANSWER: Yoruba [or Ìran Yorùbá; or Ọmọ Oòduà] (The two levels of knowledge are imo and igbagbo. The word “ori” means “head.”)
[10e] Sophie Olúwọlé’s Socrates and Ọ̀rúnmìlà argues that the Ifá corpus’s form of this position is “complementary.” Descartes argued for the “substance” type of this view.
ANSWER: dualism [accept Cartesian dualism or substance dualism or complementary dualism; accept dualist in place of “dualism”]
[10m] The Yorùbá concept of anafemale theorized in Oyèrónkẹ́ Oyěwùmí’s The Invention of Women is cited in a María Lugones paper linking this phenomenon and gender. An essay by Aimé Césaire equates this phenomenon with “thingification.”
ANSWER: colonialism [or colonization or coloniality or word forms; accept Discourse on Colonialism or Discours sur le colonialisme; accept coloniality of gender; reject “imperialism” or other related terms]
<Philosophy>