Eric Hobsbawm characterized the start of this period as a “major servile upheaval” during the 17th-century “General Crisis.” For 10 points each:
[10h] Give this term for the chaotic period after the Khmelnytsky Uprising in Ukraine, when the Hetmanate’s Left and Right Banks were divided. It overlapped with the Polish–Lithuanian Deluge.
ANSWER: the Ruin [or Ruina or Ruyína]
[10e] Geoffrey Parker’s book Global Crisis argues that this period of early modern cooling prolonged the Ruin and Deluge, citing the Swedish army’s march across the frozen Baltic.
ANSWER: Little Ice Age [or LIA; reject “Ice Age”]
[10m] Sam White termed the Little Ice Age a “climate of rebellion” exploited by the Celâlis (“jay-LAH-lees”), challenging Halil İnalcık’s (“ee-NAHL-jick’s”) view that this technology drove sekbans to banditry. Hodgson and McNeill defined early modern “patronage states” by this technology.
ANSWER: gunpowder [or black powder; accept gunpowder empires or gunpowder era; prompt on explosives or powders; prompt on guns, weapons, arms, cannons, artillery, mortars, or bombards by asking “enabled by what substance?”]
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