Proteins in this family are fused to recombinant proteins to improve expression and solubility. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this family predominantly attached to nuclear proteins like RanGAP1 (“ran-gap-one”). Like NEDD8 and ubiquitin, proteins in this family are added by a cascade of activation, conjugation, and ligation.
ANSWER: SUMO [or small ubiquitin-like modifiers; accept sumoylation]
[10m] During autophagy, an E3-like complex joins LC3 to a phospholipid whose head consists of ethanol and this group. Choline binds to phosphoglycerol through its alcohol, exposing a more substituted example of this group.
ANSWER: amine [accept quaternary ammonium or phosphatidylethanolamine]
[10e] Ethanolamine phosphate joins the GPI anchor to this terminus of a protein, which is also the site of prenylation by isoprenes. This terminus is opposite the N-terminus.
ANSWER: C-terminus [or carboxyl-terminus or carboxy-terminus or COOH-terminus]
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