In the 1970s, these polities received more general revenue sharing and non-earmarked block grants to reduce logrolling and pork barrel from categorical formula and project grants. For 10 points each:
[10e] Louis Brandeis dubbed what units of government “laboratories of democracy” for their autonomy under the Tenth Amendment?
ANSWER: states [or US states; accept states’ rights] (The first line describes features of Nixon’s “new federalism.”)
[10m] Federal preemption can subject states to these involuntary duties enforced with crossover sanctions. A 1995 reform act aimed to curb “federal blackmail” from these duties being “unfunded.”
ANSWER: mandates [accept unfunded mandates or Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995]
[10h] Germany’s 2006 federalism reform restricted unfunded mandates to achieve this paradigm’s devolutionary goal of self-administration. New Zealand’s accrual accounting inspired this movement to reinvent government like a business.
ANSWER: new public management [or NPM; prompt on public management; prompt on subsidiarity or Subsidiaritӓt; reject “new federalism”] (The Konnexitätsprinzip prohibits unfunded mandates.)
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