A dispute with Honduras concerned an 1856 act that claimed this resource in Jarvis and Tokelau soon after their surveys on the US Exploring Expedition. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this resource whose Black miners led the 1889 Navassa Revolt. France and Mexico disputed the Clipperton case over this resource, which sparked Namibia’s Ichaboe (“EACH-uh-bo”) rush and Peru’s Chincha War.
ANSWER: guano [or bird feces, dung, excrement, nitrogenous waste, or equivalents; accept Guano Islands Act or Guano Rush; prompt on fertilizer, nitrates, nitrogen, phosphates, phosphorus, potassium, NPK, NPK, or NPK by asking “obtained from what source?”; prompt on “white gold”]
[10h] An author with this surname traced “territorial pointillism” to the Guano Islands Act. A pacifist chemist with this surname was the first woman to receive a PhD from Breslau University.
ANSWER: Immerwahr [accept Clara Immerwahr or Clara Helene Immerwahr; accept Daniel Immerwahr] (Daniel Immerwahr, whose great-grandfather was Clara Immerwahr’s cousin, wrote How to Hide an Empire.)
[10e] Clara Immerwahr killed herself after this husband of hers weaponized chlorine gas at Ypres (“EEP-ruh”). This scientist ended Europe’s reliance on guano by industrially fixing nitrogen with a founder of IG Farben.
ANSWER: Fritz Haber [accept Haber process or Haber–Bosch process]
<Other History>