A book by Francisco de Vitoria applies a theory named for these events to argue that Spain’s colonization of the Americas is immoral. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this two-word theory used to justify certain namesake events that are undertaken by legitimate, well-intentioned sovereigns for a legitimate reason according to one book’s definition.
ANSWER: just wars [or bellum iustum or bella iusta]
[10e] The term “just war” was first formulated in City of God, a book by this bishop from Hippo who wrote Confessions about his conversion from Manichaeism to Christianity.
ANSWER: Saint Augustine of Hippo [or Aurelius Augustinus Hipponensis]
[10m] This later book elaborated on Augustine’s concept of a just war by defining it as one fought by a legitimate peace-seeking state for a good purpose. This book posits “five ways” to argue for the existence of God.
ANSWER: Summa Theologica [or Summa Theologiae] (by Thomas Aquinas)
<Philosophy>