Hugo Duminil-Copin (“DOO-me-nil CO-pan”) was awarded the 2022 Fields Medal in part for showing the continuity of a phase transition in this model. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this model consisting of spins arranged on an integer lattice. This model was solved analytically by Lars Onsager in two dimensions.
ANSWER: Ising model [or Lenz-Ising model]
[10m] This phenomenon is modeled by the Ising model. Gadolinium and nickel display this phenomenon, which is caused by the alignment of spin states.
ANSWER: ferromagnetism [or ferromagnetic; prompt on magnetism or magnetic]
[10e] Ferromagnetism disappears above a temperature named after a physicist with this surname. A female physicist with this married surname discovered polonium and radium.
ANSWER: Curie [accept Marie Curie or Pierre Curie or Marie Skłodowska–Curie; accept Curie temperature]
<Physics>