Unusually, this anion occurs in the “non-classical” di•iodides and di•hydrides formed by some lanthanides, such as lanthanum and cerium. A sodium salt of this anion is only stable in helium at extremely high pressure. Like permanganate, preparing salts of this anion often requires that the cation be enclosed by a crown ether or a cryptand. In solution, this anion (15[1])imparts a gold or copper color at a high concentration, while a low concentration is instead dark (*) blue. Solutions of this anion (10[2])are often made by dissolving an alkali (10[1])metal in ammonia, (10[2])allowing (-5[2])for this (10[1])anion (10[1])to serve as the reducing agent in the Birch (-5[1])reduction. (10[1]-5[1])A (-5[1])difference in the potentials of two metals causes the flow of this anion (10[1]-5[1])between two half-cells. For 10 points, (-5[2])galvanic (-5[1])cells (10[1])cause the flow of what negatively charged subatomic particles? (10[7])■END■ (10[5]0[2])