Larger positive values of this quantity correspond to particularly strong aspiration. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this linguistic quantity, which measures when the vocal folds begin to vibrate in the production of a stop consonant. A value close to 0 for this quantity means that the consonant is tenuis.
ANSWER: voice onset time [or VOT]
[10e] While voice onset time gives precise values, consonants in this most prominent system for linguistic transcription are instead classified as either voiced or voiceless, with a diacritic for aspiration.
ANSWER: International Phonetic Alphabet [accept IPA]
[10h] There is still debate as to how to measure the voice onset time of stops with this kind of voicing, where voiced stops sound like they have aspiration. This kind of voicing is common in Indic languages.
ANSWER: breathy voice [or murmur; prompt on voiced aspirated or aspirated voiced]
<Benjamin McAvoy-Bickford, Social Science>