Question
Ronald Stuart Burt developed these constructs by researching the redundancy of relationships in terms of investment in time and energy. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name these constructs defined as gaps between individuals with complementary sources of information. These constructs, like the related weak ties, are beneficial for “brokers” who produce novel ideas.
ANSWER: structural holes [prompt on holes]
[10m] Structural hole theory was introduced to explain differences in this concept, which has been measured by participation in the census. Robert Putnam used bowling leagues as an example of a decline in this concept.
ANSWER: social capital [prompt on capital; prompt on social trust]
[10e] Structural holes are gaps in the "social" form of these constructs. These constructs, which consist of connected actors, gave their name to websites and apps that allow users to connect with one another.
ANSWER: social networks
<Noah Sheidlower, Social Science>
Summary
| 2023 Penn Bowl @ Waterloo | 10/28/2023 | Y | 4 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl @ FSU | 10/28/2023 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Harvard) | 10/21/2023 | Y | 2 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Mainsite) | 10/21/2023 | Y | 6 | 15.00 | 100% | 50% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (Norcal) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 2 | 20.00 | 100% | 100% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (South Central) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 3 | 6.67 | 67% | 0% | 0% |
| 2023 Penn Bowl (UK) | 10/28/2023 | Y | 5 | 16.00 | 100% | 60% | 0% |
Data
| Library of Babel School of Continuing Studies | Toronto Joy | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| La Clique du Château | Mixed-Affiliated Contingency, Off the Team & Absent: Wong, Adrian | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Toronto Weary | Waterloo Hatsune | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Waterloo Miku | Toronto Rofl | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| North Florida | FSU B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Florida B | FSU A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Harvard | Boston College | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| MIT | Brown | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Stanford | Berkeley B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Berkeley A | Berkeley C | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Oklahoma B | Oklahoma A | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Texas A | Rice | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Texas B | Texas C | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Broken Hearts | 3HK1MM | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Edinburgh | Betrayed by Rita Izzatdust | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Four Neg Omelette | 10 Negs that Shook the Quiz | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Foucault's Penndulum | Scottish, Irish, Both or Neither | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Tabearnacle | Yes, Moderator | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UMD B | Cornell A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| UMD B | Cornell A | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| UMD B | Columbia B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| UMD B | Columbia B | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| UMD B | Cornell A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UMD B | Cornell A | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UMD B | Columbia B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| UMD B | Columbia B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| RIT | JHU B | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| Cornell B | John Jay | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 |
| JHU A | NYU | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |
| Columbia A | Rutgers | 0 | 10 | 10 | 20 |