There were no confirmed sightings of this Australian bird from 1912 to 1979, causing it to be believed extinct, though it actually has an extremely low population scattered across Australia. For 10 points each:
[10h] Name this elusive Australian bird only sighted a handful of times since its 1979 rediscovery by the team of ornithologist Shane Parker. Like the spinifex pigeon and spinifexbird, it depends on spinifex grasses.
ANSWER: night parrot [or Pezoporus occidentalis; or night parakeet; or nocturnal ground parrot; or nocturnal ground parakeet; or porcupine parrot; or midnight cockatoo; prompt on parrot or parakeet; prompt on Pezoporus; prompt on spinifex parrot; prompt on solitaire but reject any longer answers containing “solitaire”; reject just “ground parrot” or “ground parakeet”; reject just “cockatoo”]
[10m] The last confirmed sighting of this bird that lived in swamps and old-growth forests in the US southeast was in 1944, but there continue to be many claimed sightings, often mistaking the pileated woodpecker for it.
ANSWER: ivory-billed woodpecker [or Campephilus principalis]
[10e] These lobe-finned fishes were thought to have died out at the end of the Cretaceous until a live Latemeria chalumnae was fished up off the coast of South Africa, making it a prototypical “living fossil.”
ANSWER: coelacanths [or Coelacanthiformes; accept Actinistia]
<Gerhardt Hinkle, Biology>