This philosopher criticized the centrality of morality in modern life, arguing that attempts to ground it in external justification are inherently flawed, while also arguing that that shouldn’t lead us to nihilism. For 10 points each:
[10m] Name this philosopher who wrote Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy. He developed the concept of moral luck.
ANSWER: Bernard Williams
[10h] Williams argued that ethical conviction must lie with this concept, rather than certainty. This concept, which Williams called “a social state,” must come from strength and not from “self-deception and dogmatism.”
ANSWER: confidence
[10e] Williams likened the strength motivating practical concept to the “pessimism of strength” coined by this philosopher, whose work influenced late career Williams. He wrote Beyond Good and Evil and The Gay Science.
ANSWER: Friedrich Nietzche
<Emmett Laurie, Philosophy>